Английская Википедия:Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza

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Prince Dom Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza (Bertrand Maria José Pio Januário Miguel Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança; 2 February 1941) is the head of the Vassouras branch of the Imperial House of Brazil and pretender to the title of Emperor of Brazil since 2022.

Born in Mandelieu-la-Napoule, France, the third child of Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria. He was the third and last child of the couple to be born abroad, and came to Brazil at the age of four. In Brazil, he graduated in law from the University of São Paulo and became a student of Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira and a devoted member of Tradition, Family and Property and later the Instituto Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira.[1] Prince Bertrand is an avid traditionalist conservative, anticommunist, and outspoken advocate of right-wing Christian policies. Chaste, the Prince succeeded his brother as Head of the Imperial House of Brazil and is the main activist and spokesperson for the restoration of the monarchy, having gained prominence in the national media and, on occasion, in the international media. He is frequently invited by public and private institutions, including the Federal Government, to participate in official events, as well as to participate in monarchic events and meetings and to travel the country campaigning for the monarchy.[2][3]

Although Prince Bertrand and Prince Pedro Carlos are great-grandsons of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, of the House of Braganza, they disputed the leadership of the Brazilian Imperial Family due to a dynastic dispute regarding their parents, who were cousins. A member of the Brazilian Imperial House, Prince Bertrand is closely related to the House of Braganza and the House of Orléans (Orleanist claimants), both through his paternal lineage, and with the House of Wittelsbach, through his maternal lineage. He is the great-grandson of Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil and King Louis III of Bavaria.[4][5][6]

Biography

Early life

Файл:Filhos de D. Maria Isabel da Baviera e D. Pedro Henrique de Orleans e Bragança.jpg
Bertrand (third, from right) with his mother and siblings, 1957

The third son of Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria, his elder brothers are, in order, Luiz of Orléans-Braganza who claimed to be Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family until 2022 and Eudes of Orléans-Braganza, who renounced his dynastic rights to the Brazilian throne in order to marry a commoner.Шаблон:Citation needed

As with his two elder brothers, Bertrand was born in southern France, 1941, even though the exile imposed on the family had already been revoked, in 1920, due to the Second World War. He came to Brazil after the end of the conflict.Шаблон:Citation needed

In Brazil, the family settled first in the Grão-Pará Palace in the state of Rio de Janeiro,Шаблон:Citation neededШаблон:Dubious where he carried out part of his secondary studies in the Jesuit St. Ignatius College. Later his family moved to Paraná, where his father bought a farm and Bertrand spent his childhood. When he was 18 years old, he went to São Paulo, where he achieved a bachelor's degree in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo in 1964. He still lives in São Paulo.Шаблон:Citation needed

Education and beliefs

From a very young age he received Catholic formation, being guided by his father to the taste for the doctrinal study and the analysis of the national and international events. He participated with enthusiasm in the academic banks of the ideological struggles that marked Brazil in the first half of the sixties.Шаблон:Citation needed His formation was completed with frequent trips to Europe, one of which took place during the entire First Session of the Second Vatican Council, when he took close contact with the Catholic intelligentsia to Rome for the great event. A civil pilot, he is a reservist of the Brazilian Air Force.Шаблон:Citation needed

Bertrand is a Traditionalist Catholic and a member of Tradition, Family and Property,[7] of traditionalist Catholic inspiration, founded and directed by the intellectual leader Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira until his death. There it diffuses from the catholic and monarchical ideals,[8] seen by him as "distinct and harmonious facets of the same ideal."Шаблон:Cite quote His older brother, Luiz, was also part of the organization. After a spin-off occurred in the entity, he and his brother began to collaborate with members linked to the Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute (IPCO) and the Founders' Association.Шаблон:Citation needed

Besides Portuguese, his native language, Bertrand is fluent in French and Spanish.Шаблон:Citation needed

Later life

Файл:Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança.jpg
Bertrand in 2011

He is not married and has no issue, so his dynastic heir is his younger brother, Antonio of Orléans-Braganza, who is married to a Belgian aristocrat, Princess Christine of Ligne, with issue.Шаблон:Citation needed

Both he and his elder brother, Luiz, were engaged in monarchist proselytism in Brazil.[8] They both played main roles during the campaign for the 1993 plebiscite, which represented the hitherto only real opportunity for a return of the monarchy since the proclamation of the republic, in 1889. In it, the people were asked to choose which form of government (presidential or parliamentary) and which form of state organization (republic or constitutional monarchy) Brazil should have. The monarchist cause was not successful, receiving only 13.4% of the vote.[9][10]

Roles

In recent years, Bertrand is coordinator and spokesman of the movement Paz no Campo (Peace in the fields), and has traveled all over Brazil lecturing for farmers and entrepreneurs in defense of private property and free enterprise.[11][12]

As the activist and spokesman of the Brazilian Imperial House for the restoration of the monarchy, Bertrand has gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media,[13] with the rise and spread of monarchist movements throughout the country.[14] He participates annually in public meetings with monarchists,[15] in addition to attending other meetings and conducting lectures, often at the invitation of private institutions, municipal governments and legislative assemblies, mainly for public events related to Brazil's monarchical past.[16] In 2016 he gave an interview to Mariana Godoy on her program on RedeTV!, gaining notoriety with the general public.[17] On 22 September 2017 Bertrand participated in the program The Noite com Danilo Gentili, currently the largest talk show in the country, breaking the program's record of audience.[18] Despite the campaign, politically the monarchist movement is still small, with 11% of support among the population, according to a survey.[19]

Political opinions

Bertrand supports typically Traditionalist Catholic ideas: he opposes same-sex marriage, favours the illegality of abortion and is against the demarcation of indigenous territory in Brazil.[20] He has also criticised the progressivism of Pope Francis, although he does recognize him as the legitimate pope.Шаблон:Citation needed

He is a climate change denialist and has published a book entitled "Psicose Ambientalista" ("Environmentalist Psychosis"), denouncing with what he calls "the hoaxes created by radical environmentalists and by eco-terrorists".[21][22]

Honours

As Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family, Bertrand claims the following positions:[23]

Bertrand has also received other honours:[23]

Ancestry

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References

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External links

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Шаблон:Pretenders to the Brazilian throne since 1889 Шаблон:Princes of Orléans-Braganza Шаблон:Monarchism in Brazil

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ "Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza Visits America Шаблон:Webarchive", TFP.org, 30 April 2001
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ "1993 Brazilian Plebiscite Шаблон:Webarchive" by Scott Bailey, UCSD
  10. ↑ 1993 Human Rights Report Шаблон:Webarchive, US State Department, 31 January 1994
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Paz no campo significa "tolerância zero" com o MST e congêneres. In: Catolicismo Шаблон:Webarchive, May 2007
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Instituto Paraná Pesquisas
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, D. Bertrand de. Psicose Ambientalista Шаблон:Webarchive. IPCO, 2012.
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 Pró-Monarquia. (2022). Anuário da Casa Imperial do Brasil. São Paulo: Pró-Monarquia, 25.
  24. ↑ MARIE, Michelle (2012) (in Portuguese). Cavaleiros na Ordem Eqüestre do Santo Sepulcro de JerusalémШаблон:Dead link.
  25. ↑ [«Nº 27/2009 - Boletim do Exército». http://www.sgex.eb.mil.br] (in Portuguese).
  26. ↑ [Príncipe D. Bertrand recebe Ordem do Mérito Judiciário Militar https://williamxaviercarvalho.blogspot.com/2009/04/principe-d-bertrand-recebe-ordem-do.html] (in Portuguese).
  27. ↑ Judiciário prestigia comemoração do Dia do Exército (in Portuguese).
  28. ↑ [«Proj. Lei 2015/2019 - Proj. de Resolução». Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Consultado em 24 de outubro de 2022] (in Portuguese).
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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