Английская Википедия:Bever, Switzerland
Шаблон:Infobox Swiss town Bever (Romansh: Шаблон:Audio; German and official until 1943 Bevers) is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.
History
Bever is first mentioned in 1139 as ad Bevero.[1]
Geography
Bever has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of Шаблон:Swiss area.Шаблон:Swiss area data Of this area, about 15.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 15.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and 68.4% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by Шаблон:Convert and the agricultural land has decreased by Шаблон:Convert.[2]
Until 2017 the municipality was located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district, after 2017 it was part of the Maloja Region. It is located on the Inn River, and the artificial lake Lej da Gravatscha is nearby. It consists of the village of Bever and the hamlet of Spinas at the entrance to the Albula Tunnel. Until 1943 Bever was known as Bevers.[3]
Demographics
Bever has a population (Шаблон:As of) of Шаблон:Swiss populations.Шаблон:Swiss populations ref Шаблон:As of, 17.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010-2013) the population has changed at a rate of -4.09%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 3.2 while the death rate was 7.9 per thousand residents.[2]
Шаблон:As of, the gender distribution of the population was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.[4]
Шаблон:As of, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 14.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 68.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.6%.[2]
In 2013 there were 289 private households in Bever with an average household size of 2.17 persons. Of the 183 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 39.9% were single family homes and 37.2% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 32.8% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 19.1% were built between 1991 and 2000.[5] In 2012 there was no new housing construction in the municipality. The vacancy rate for the municipality, Шаблон:As of, was 0.32%.[2]
Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:[6] <timeline> Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45 PlotArea = top:20 left:40 bottom:20 right:35 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1850 from:start till:181 text:"181" bar:1860 from:start till:144 text:"144" bar:1870 from:start till:163 text:"163" bar:1880 from:start till:148 text:"148" bar:1888 from:start till:151 text:"151" bar:1900 from:start till:407 text:"407" bar:1910 from:start till:221 text:"221" bar:1920 from:start till:223 text:"223" bar:1930 from:start till:254 text:"254" bar:1941 from:start till:236 text:"236" bar:1950 from:start till:227 text:"227" bar:1960 from:start till:234 text:"234" bar:1970 from:start till:367 text:"367" bar:1980 from:start till:432 text:"432" bar:1990 from:start till:496 text:"496" bar:2000 from:start till:631 text:"631" bar:2013 from:start till:633 text:"633"
</timeline>
Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 28.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (26.0%), the FDP (15.5%) and the BDP (14.4%). In the federal election, a total of 242 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 51.9%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage of the vote received by the SVP increased sharply from 22.5% in 2011 to 28.4% in 2015[7]
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 34.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (30.9%), the FDP (20%) and the local, small right-wing parties (7.5%).[8]
Education
In Bever about 80.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[8]
Economy
Шаблон:As of, there were a total of 335 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 22 people worked in 7 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 144 workers in 8 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 169 jobs in 50 businesses. In 2013 0.0% of the population received social assistance.[2]
Languages
Most of the population (Шаблон:As of) speaks German (66.6%), with Romansh being second most common (18.9%) and Italian being third (11.7%).[8] Until the mid 19th Century, the entire population spoke the Upper-Engadin Romansh dialect of Puter. Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline. In 1880 about 81% spoke Romansh as a first language, while in 1910 it was only 59%. The last time that Romansh was the majority language in Bever was in 1941. Following World War II German became the clear majority language. However, in the 1990s many German speakers moved away from the village causing the percentage of Romansh speakers to increase. In 1990 there were 47% who understood Romansh in Bever and in 2000 it was 45%.
| Languages of Bever[9] | ||||||||
| Languages | Census 1970 | Census 1980 | Census 1990 | Census 2000 | ||||
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | |
| German | 135 | 36.8% | 175 | 40.5% | 292 | 58.9% | 420 | 66.6% |
| Romansh | 123 | 33.5% | 156 | 36.1% | 120 | 24.2% | 119 | 18.9% |
| Italian | 104 | 28.3% | 87 | 20.1% | 73 | 14.7% | 74 | 11.7% |
| TOTAL | 367 | 100% | 432 | 100% | 496 | 100% | 631 | 100% |
Transportation
The municipality has two railway stations, Шаблон:Rws and Шаблон:Rws. Both are on lines of the Rhaetian Railway and between them have regular service to Шаблон:Rws, Шаблон:Rws, Шаблон:Rws, Шаблон:Rws, and Шаблон:Rws.
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Commons category
External links
Шаблон:Municipalities of the Maloja Region Шаблон:Engadin villages Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:HDS
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Regional portraits Шаблон:Webarchive accessed 2 May 2016
- ↑ Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office Шаблон:In lang accessed 23 September 2009
- ↑ Graubunden in Numbers Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 21 September 2009
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Thema 09 - Bau- und Wohnungswesen Шаблон:In lang accessed 5 May 2016
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850-2000 Шаблон:In lang accessed 27 April 2016
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang accessed 18 July 2016
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Swiss Federal Statistical Office Шаблон:Webarchive accessed 20 October 2009
- ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Wohnbevölkerung am wirtschaftlichen Wohnsitz nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Hauptsprache und Nationalität, 1970-2000Шаблон:Dead link Шаблон:In lang accessed 6 September 2016
