Английская Википедия:Bhangra (dance)

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Файл:Bhangra-dance.jpg
Bhangra dancers in Punjab, India

Bhangra is a type of traditional folk dance of Punjab area of the Indian subcontinent.[1] It is done in the season of harvesting. According to Manuel (2001), bhangra is especially associated with the vernal Vaisakhi festival.[2]

In a typical performance, several dancers execute vigorous kicks, leaps, and bends of the body—often with upraised, thrusting arm or shoulder movements—to the accompaniment of short songs called boliyan and, most significantly, to the beat of a dhol (double-headed drum).[3] Struck with a heavy beater on one end and with a lighter stick on the other, the dhol imbues the music with a syncopated (accents on the weak beats), swinging rhythmic character that has generally remained the hallmark of bhangra music.[4] An energetic Punjabi dance, bhangra originated with Punjabi farmers as a cultural and communal celebration; its modern-day evolution has allowed bhangra to retain its traditional Punjabi roots, while broadening its reach to include integration into popular music and DJing, group-based competitions, and even exercise[3] and dance programs in schools and studios.[4]

During harvest season

Bhangra was mainly done by Punjabi farmers during the harvesting season. It was mainly performed while farmers did agricultural chores. As they did each farming activity they would perform bhangra moves on the spot.[5] This allowed them to finish their job in a pleasurable way. After harvesting their wheat crops during the Vaisakhi season, people used to attend cultural festivals while dancing bhangra.[5] For many years, farmers performed bhangra to showcase a sense of accomplishment and to welcome the new harvesting season.[6]

Origin and Traditional bhangra folk dance of Majha

Файл:Punjabi Dance - Opening Ceremony - Wiki Conference India - CGC - Mohali 2016-08-05 6334.JPG
Punjabi Bhangra dancer

The Bhangra has origins from the Sialkot District of Punjab dance was founded by Punjabi Jatts and heartly claimed as Jat Art [7] traditionally Performed during harvest season between April and first quarter of May. According to Dhillon (1998), bhangra is related to the Punjabi dance 'Bagaa', which is a martial dance of Punjab.[8] However, the folk dance of Bhangra originated in the Sialkot district of Majha.[8][9][6] The traditional form of bhangra danced in the villages of Sialkot district was regarded as the standard.[10] The community form of traditional bhangra has been maintained in Gurdaspur district, India, and has been maintained by people who have settled in Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India.[8] Traditional bhangra is performed in a circle[11] and is performed using traditional dance steps. Traditional bhangra is now also performed on occasions other than during the harvest season.[12][13] According to Ganhar (1975),[14] bhangra originated in Sialkot of Majha which shares high affinity with Jammu making it part of the heritage of Jammu which is danced on Baisakhi. Other Punjabi folk dances such as Giddha and Luddi have also been heritage of Jammu.[14][15][16][17][18][19] Punjabi language influences can be observed when people dance such dances.[20] Jammu falls within the Punjab region and shares an affinity with Punjab.[21]

Free form traditional bhangra

The 1950s saw the development of the free form traditional bhangra in Punjab, which was patronized by the Maharaja of Patiala, who requested a staged performance of bhangra in 1953. The first significant developers of this style were a dance troupe led by brothers from the Deepak family of Sunam (Manohar, Avtar and Gurbachan) and the dhol player Bhana Ram Sunami.[22] Free form traditional bhangra developed during stage performances which incorporate traditional bhangra moves and also include sequences from other Punjabi dances, namely, Luddi, Jhummar, Dhamaal, and Gham Luddi. The singing of Punjabi folk songs, boliyan, are incorporated from Malwai Giddha.[8] Bhangra competitions have been held in Punjab, India, for many decades, with Mohindra College in Patiala being involved in the 1950s.[22]

Bhangra today

Bhangra connects to a much deeper set of masculine values.[23] Most of these values are set through labour, industry and self-sufficiency in agriculture, loyalty, independence and bravery in personal, political and military endeavours; and the development and expression of virility, vigour, and honour are common themes.[23] Bhangra referred both to formal male performances and to communal dancing among men and women.[23] In the past 30 years, bhangra has been established all over the world. It has become integrated into popular Asian culture after being mixed with hip hop, house and reggae styles of music.[24] Certain bhangra moves have been adapted and changed over time but at its core remains a sense of cultural identity and tradition.[24] We see bhangra take place mainly in the Punjabi culture. Many people tend to showcase bhangra as a source of joy and entertainment at weddings, parties, and all sorts of celebrations.

Many people also do bhangra as a source of exercise, it is an excellent substitution to the gym. Traditionally, bhangra is danced by men but now we see both men and women participating in this dance form. With bhangra competitions all over the world, we see all sorts of people competing in these events.[25]

Women in bhangra

Nowadays, many second-generation Punjabi women are connecting with their culture through bhangra.[26] Many of these young girls tend to bring their bhangra moves into the club scene.[26] D.J. Rekha was one of the first South Asian women to bring popularity to bhangra in the U.S by introducing her Basement Bhangra Parties.[26] Many university and community clubs have started their own bhangra teams. Most of these teams have a wide variety of men and women who come from different backgrounds. Many businesses have created bhangra clubs with the mindset to teach younger kids bhangra. These programs have helped young children stay healthy and connected to the culture of bhangra.[26] Sarina Jain was the very first woman who created the bhangra fitness workout, which is now known as the Masala Bhangra Workout.[26] This workout has taught many people in Iceland the basic steps associated with bhangra, allowing them to learn bhangra in the comfort of their own home.

Raaniyan Di Raunaq

Raaniyan Di Raunaq is India's first all-women's bhangra competition.[27] Even with the abundance of female bhangra performers, many see this dance form as only masculine.[25] Historically, women have fought for the right to perform bhangra.[28] Many women that compete in bhangra shows are judged according to a criterion that is made for male performers.[25] Raaniyan Di Raunaq has customized a bhangra competition just for women or for those who identify as transgender or nonbinary.[25] This competition has coveted a safe space for women to have the ability to compete and be judged equally. Aadi

Gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 Dhillon, Iqbal S. (1998). Folk Dances of Punjab. Delhi: National Book Shop.
  9. ↑ Ballantyne, Tony. Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World [1]
  10. ↑ Ballantyne, Tony (2007). Textures of the Sikh Past: New Historical Perspectives [2]
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Harjap Singh Aujla Bhangra as an art is flourishing in India and appears to be on the verge of extinction in Pakistan [3] Шаблон:Webarchive
  16. ↑ Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Mohinder Singh Randhawa (1959) Farmers of India: Punjab Himachal Pradesh, Jammy & Kashmir, by M. S. Randhawa and P. Nath [4]
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Balraj Puri (1983). Simmering Volcano: Study of Jammu's Relations with Kashmir [5]Шаблон:Dead link
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  21. ↑ Manohar Sajnan (2001). Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India, Volume 1 [6]
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Gregory D. Booth, Bradley Shope (2014). More Than c1RSVbOFJc607QbAoIOwCg&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=sunam%20bhangra&f=false]
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 25,2 25,3 Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 26,2 26,3 26,4 Dhurandhar, S. (2005). Return to Bhangra; From dance clubs to gym clubs, young South Asian women reclaim a dance never meant for them. Colorlines, 54.
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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