Английская Википедия:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox political party The Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh (Шаблон:Small BJS or JS, short name: Jan Sangh,[1] was an Indian right wing nationalist political party This party was established on 21 October 1951 in Delhi, that existed from 1951 to 1977. Its three founding members were Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Prof. Balraj Madhok and Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay. Jan Sangh was the political arm of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation.[2] In 1977, it merged with several other left, centre and right parties opposed to the Indian National Congress and formed the Janata Party.[3]. In 1980, the members of erstwhile Jan Sangh quit the Janata party after the defeat in the 1980 general elections and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is the direct political successor to the Jan Sangh.
Origins
Many members of the right-wing Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) began to contemplate the formation of a political party to continue their work, begun in the days of the British Raj, and take their ideology further. Around the same time, Syama Prasad Mukherjee left the Hindu Mahasabha political party that he had once led because of a disagreement with that party over permitting non-Hindu membership.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The BJS was subsequently started by Mukherjee on 21 October 1951[4] in Delhi, with the collaboration of the RSS, as a "nationalistic alternative" to the Congress Party.[5]
After the death of Mukherjee in 1953, RSS activists in the BJS edged out the career politicians and made it a political arm of the RSS and an integral part of the RSS family of organisations (Sangh Parivar).[6]
The strongest election performance of the BJS came in the 1967 Lok Sabha election in which it won 35 seats,[7]Шаблон:Sfn when the Congress majority was its thinnest ever.[8]
Ideology
Шаблон:Main The BJS leadership strongly supported a stringent policy against Pakistan and China, and were averse to the USSR and communism. Many BJS leaders also inaugurated the drive to ban cow slaughter nationwide in the early 1960s.[9]
Chronological list of presidents
| # | Portrait | Name | Term |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Файл:Shyama Prasad Mukherjee portrait in Parliament.jpg | Syama Prasad Mukherjee | 1951–52 |
| 2 | Mauli Chandra Sharma | 1954 | |
| 3 | Prem Nath Dogra | 1955 | |
| 4 | Debaprasad Ghosh | 1956–59 | |
| 5 | Pitamber Das | 1960 | |
| 6 | Avasarala Rama Rao | 1961 | |
| (4) | Debaprasad Ghosh | 1962 | |
| 7 | Raghu Vira | 1963 | |
| (4) | Debaprasad Ghosh | 1964 | |
| 8 | Bachhraj Vyas | 1965 | |
| 9 | Balraj Madhok | 1966 | |
| 10 | Deendayal Upadhyaya | 1967–68 | |
| 11 | Файл:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 1968–72 |
| 12 | Файл:Lkadvani.jpg | L. K. Advani | 1973–77 |
| See List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party | |||
In general elections
The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was created in 1951, and the first general election it contested was in 1951–52, in which it won only three Lok Sabha seats, in line with the four seats won by Hindu Mahasabha and three seats won by Ram Rajya Parishad. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee and Durga Charan Banerjee were elected from Bengal and Uma Shankar Trivedi from Rajasthan. All the like-minded parties formed a block in the Parliament, led by Shyama Prasad Mookerjee.Шаблон:Sfn[7]
| Year | General Election | Seats Won | Change in Seat | % of votes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 1st Lok Sabha | 3 | – | 3.06 | Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn |
| 1957 | 2nd Lok Sabha | 4 | Шаблон:Increase 1 | 5.93 | [7]Шаблон:Sfn |
| 1962 | 3rd Lok Sabha | 14 | Шаблон:Increase 10 | 6.44 | [7]Шаблон:Sfn |
| 1967 | 4th Lok Sabha | 35 | Шаблон:Increase 21 | 9.31 | [7]Шаблон:Sfn |
| 1971 | 5th Lok Sabha | 22 | Шаблон:Decrease 13 | 7.35 | Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn[10] |
References
Шаблон:Reflist Sources Шаблон:Refbegin
Further reading
Шаблон:Sangh Parivar Шаблон:Bharatiya Janata Party Шаблон:Authority control
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