Английская Википедия:Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS; IAST: Bhāratīya Nyāya Saṃhitā; Шаблон:Literal translation), is the criminal code of the Republic of India. When it enters force, it will replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which was enacted in 1860. The BNS covers all aspects of criminal law, including offences, punishments, defences, and procedures.

Background and timeline

• On 11 August 2023, Amit Shah, Minister of Home Affairs, introduced the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 in the Lok Sabha.
• On 12 December 2023, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 was withdrawn.
• On 12 December 2023, the Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 was introduced in Lok Sabha.
• On 20 December 2023, the Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 was passed in Lok Sabha.
• On 21 December 2023, the Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita bill, 2023 was passed in Rajya Sabha.
• On 25 December 2023, the Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 received the assent of the President of India.

Changes

In the BNS, 20 new offences have been added to and 19 provisions in the repealed IPC have been dropped. The punishment of imprisonment has been increased for 33 offences, and fines have been increased for 83 offences. A mandatory minimum punishment has been introduced for 23 offences. A sentence of community service has been introduced for six offences.

• Offences against the body: The BNS retains the provisions of the IPC on murder, abetment of suicide, assault and causing grievous hurt. It adds new offences such as organised crime, terrorism, and murder or grievous hurt by a group on certain grounds.
• Sexual offences against women: The BNS retains the provisions of the IPC on rape, voyeurism, stalking and insulting the modesty of a woman. It increases the threshold for the victim to be classified as a major, in the case of gang rape, from 16 to 18 years of age.
• Offences against property: The BNS retains the provisions of the IPC on theft, robbery, burglary and cheating. It adds new offences such as cybercrime and financial fraud.
• Offences against the state: The BNS removes sedition as an offence. Instead, there is a new offence for acts endangering India's sovereignty, unity and integrity.
• Offences against the public: The BNS adds new offences such as environmental pollution and human trafficking.Шаблон:Citation needed

Structure

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita comprises 20 chapters and 358 sections. Its structure is similar to that of the IPC. The outline of the Sanhita is as follows:

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Chapters	Clauses	Classification of Offences
Chapter 1	Clauses 1 to 3	Preliminary
Chapter 2	Clauses 4 to 13	Of Punishments
Chapter 3	Clauses 14 to 44	General Exceptions   of the Right to Private Defence (sections 34 to 44)
Chapter 4	Clauses 45 to 62	Of Abetment, Criminal Conspiracy and Attempt
Chapter 5	Clauses 63 to 97	Of Offences against Women and Children Of Sexual Offences (63 to 72) Of Criminal Force and Assault against Women (73 to 78) Of Offences relating to Marriage (79 to 85) Of the Causing of Miscarriage, etc. (86 to 97)
Chapter 6	Clauses 98 to 144	Of Offences Affecting the Human Body Of Offences Affecting Life (98 to 111) Of Hurt (112 to 125) Of Criminal Force and Assault (126 to 134) Of Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour (135 to 144)
Chapter 7	Clauses 145 to 156	Of Offences Against the State
Chapter 8	Clauses 157 to 166	Of Offences Relating to the Army, Navy and Air Force
Chapter 9	Clauses 167 to 175	Of Offences Relating to Elections
Chapter 10	Clauses 176 to 186	Of Offences Relating to Coins, Bank Notes, Currency Notes and Government Stamps
Chapter 11	Clauses 187 to 195	Of Offences Against the Public Tranquility
Chapter 12	Clauses 196 to 203	Of Offences by Or Relating to Public Servants
Chapter 13	Clauses 204 to 224	Of Contempt of Lawful Authority of Public Servants
Chapter 14	Clauses 225 to 267	Of False Evidence and Offences against Public Justice.
Chapter 15	Clauses 268 to 295	Of Offences affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convince, Decency and Morals
Chapter 16	Clauses 296 to 300	Of Offences Relating to Religion
Chapter 17	Clauses 301 to 332	Of Offences against Property Of Theft (301 to 305) Of Extortion (306) Of Robbery and Dacoity (307 to 311) Of Criminal Misappropriation of Property (312 and 313) Of Criminal Breach of Trust (314) Of the Receiving of Stolen Property (315) Of Cheating (316 and 317) Of Fundamental Deeds and Disposition of Property (318 to 321) Of Mischief (322 to 326) Of Criminal Trespass (326 to 332)
Chapter 18	Clauses 333 to 348	Of Offences Relating to Documents and to Property Marks Of Documents (333 to 343) Of Property Marks (344 to 348)
Chapter 19	Clauses 349 to 356	Of Criminal Intimidation, Insult, Annoyance, Defamation, Etc Intimidation, Insult and Annoyance (349 to 353) Of Defamation (354) Of breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of the helpless person (355) Repeal and Savings (356)

See also

• Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
• Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023