Английская Википедия:Bharatmala

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox project Шаблон:Politics of India

The Bharatmala Pariyojna (Шаблон:Literal translation 'India garland project') is an ongoing project that will interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from current 6) and move 80% freight traffic (40% currently) to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total Шаблон:Cvt, 116 feeder routes (FR) of total Шаблон:Cvt and 7 north east Multi-Modal waterway ports.[1] The project also includes development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpass, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads etc. to provide shortest, jam free & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India.[2] This ambitious umbrella programme will subsume all existing Highway Projects including the flagship National Highways Development Project (NHDP), launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in 1998. Bharatmala is mainly focused on connecting remote areas and satellite cities of megacities such as Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad etc. The total investment for Шаблон:Cvt[3] committed new highways is estimated at Шаблон:INRConvert, making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme (as of March 2022). The project will build highways from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories - Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand - and then portions of borders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alongside Terai, and move to West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in Manipur and Mizoram.[2] Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to far-flung border and rural areas including the tribal and backward areas.

Other than NHDP related projects which are greenfield, there is Brownfield National Highway Projects which is a upgradation/widening of existing 4 lane highways into 6 lane highways which are not controlled access highways.[4] Many state highways have been converted to National Highways under this project.[5]

It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as Sagarmala, Dedicated Freight Corridors, Industrial corridors, UDAN-RCS, BharatNet, Digital India, Parvatmala and Make in India.

Scope

Context

India's 6,215,797 km (3,862,317 mi) road network is second largest in the world, of which only 2% (~1,10,000 km) are national highways (NHs) carrying 40% road traffic.[6] Bharatmala phase-I will raise the NH connection to a total of 80% or 550 districts out of total 718 districts[7] from the current 42% or 300 districts connected to NH (dec 2017).[6] Mapping of Shortest Route for 12,000 routes carrying 90% of the India's freight, commodity-wise survey of freight movement across 600 districts, automated traffic surveys over 1,500+ points across the country, and satellite mapping of corridors was done to identify upgradation requirements for Bharatmala.[1]

Шаблон:Anchor NHIDCL

National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited was created in 2014 as a fully owned company of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways by the Government of India to expedite construction of National Highway projects with specific focus on Northeast India.[8][9]

Шаблон:Anchor Central Road Fund (CRF)

Central Road Fund (CRF) was created as a non-lapsable fund under the "Central Road Fund Act 2000", by imposing a cess on petrol and diesel, to build and upgrade National Highways, State roads, rural roads, railway under/over bridges etc., and national waterways.[10]

Impact

Bharatmala will significantly boost highway infrastructure:[1]

  • Raise 6 NC corridors to 50 corridors (6 NC and 44 EC)
  • Raise 40% freight to 80% freight on National Highways
  • Raise 300 districts to 550 districts connected by minimum 4-lane highways.

Components

National Highways Development Project (NHDP)

NHDP project covers Шаблон:Cvt, including Шаблон:Cvt completed, Шаблон:Cvt under construction and Шаблон:Cvt left for award (as of May 2017).[11] The uncompleted projects under NHDP will also be subsumed in Bharatmala.[6] NHDP was meant to convert dirt roads into National Highways or any 1/2 lane roads into 4 lane national highways.

National Corridors (NC)

National Corridors of India (NC) are 6 high volume corridors, including 4 in Golden Quadrilateral and 2 in North–South and East–West Corridors, including Mumbai - Kolkata Highway (NH6), known as East Coast - West Coast Corridor, that carry 35% of India's freight.[6] Lane expansion to 6 to 8 laning, ring roads, bypasses and elevated corridors will be built in Bharatmala to decongest the National Corridors.[6] Logistics Parks will be set up along the NC.[6] Busiest stretches of National Corridors will be converted to the expressways.[6] Шаблон:Cvt inter-corridor and Шаблон:Cvt feeder routes will be built.[6] Additionally, Шаблон:Cvt of border roads and Шаблон:Cvt international highways will be built to connect 6 National Corridors to international trade routes.[6]

National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)

National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP) entails Шаблон:Cvt phase-I decongestion of 185 choke points by 34 6-8 laning, 45 bypasses and 30 ring roads of 6 NC.[6][1] [12]

New ring roads in Bharatmala include: Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Economic Corridors

Economic Corridors of India or Industrial Corridors of India, 44 corridors Шаблон:Cvt were identified and Шаблон:Cvt will be taken up in phase-I, they exclude 6 National Corridors, they include:[1] 66 Шаблон:Cvt inter-corridors (IC) & 116 Шаблон:Cvt feeder routes (FR) were identified for Bharatmala.[1][6]

List of 44 economic corridors (EC):[1] Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Logistics parks

Logistics parks entailing 45% of India's freight traffic have been identified to be connected by Bharatmala economic corridors (EC), to develop hub-and-spoke model where hub-to-hub transport can be done with 30 tonne trucks and hub-to-spoke transport can be done with 10 tonne trucks. Currently all transport is point-to-point in 10 tonne trucks (2017).[1][12]

Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

Northeast India connectivity

North East Economic corridor will connect 7 state capitals and 7 multimodal waterways terminals on Brahmaputra on the bharatmala route (slide 21).[1] Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

International connectivity

Шаблон:See also Look-East Connectivity will be further developed in the Bharatmala routes (slide 22).[1]

  • 24 Integrated check posts (ICPs)
  • Transit through Bangladesh to improve Northeast India
  • Integrating Bangladesh–Bhutan–Nepal-Myanmar–Thailand BIMSTEC corridors.

Finance

Implementation phases: 2017-2022

The plan envisages the construction of Шаблон:Cvt roads, including Шаблон:Cvt of additional highways and roads across the country,[3] apart from an existing plan of building Шаблон:Cvt of new highways by the National Highway Authority of India.[15] Bharatmala has synergy with Sagarmala.[16]

Phase 1: 34,800 km by December 2022

The total length of Шаблон:Cvt highways will be constructed under phase-I by December 2022, including Шаблон:Cvt of new highways and another Шаблон:Cvt currently under-construction remaining incomplete under NHDP, compared to 19 years it took to upgrade almost same length of National Highways under NHDP.[17][16][3][18]

Road Type Total Length[6] Phase-I Length[6] Notes
Economic Corridors Шаблон:Cvt Шаблон:Cvt 44 EC corridors exclude 6 NC.[1]
Inter-corridor & feeder Routes Шаблон:Cvt Шаблон:Cvt 66 Шаблон:Cvt inter-corridors (IC) & 116 Шаблон:Cvt feeder routes (FR).[1][6]
National Corridors Efficiency Program Шаблон:Cvt 6-8 laning, bypasses and ring roads of 6 NC.[6]
Border & International connectivity roads Шаблон:Cvt Шаблон:Cvt Шаблон:Cvt of border roads and Шаблон:Cvt to connect 6 national corridors to international trade routes, such as BIMSTEC, MIT and BIN (Bangladesh-India-Nepal).[6]
Coastal & Port connectivity roads Шаблон:Cvt Synergy with Sagarmala.
Expressways Шаблон:Cvt Шаблон:Cvt NC stretches converted to expressway.[6]
Total under Bharatmala Pariyojana Шаблон:Cvt
NH remaining under NHDP Шаблон:Cvt Шаблон:Cvt
Total to be built or upgraded Шаблон:Cvt[3] Шаблон:Cvt

Phase-II: 48,877 km (expected 2024)

Multimodal logistics parks. It will make current corridors more effective & will improve connectivity with north east and leverage synergy with inland waterways.

Multi-modal logistics parks will provide seamless cargo transfer between Railways cargo, Inland Waterways, Air cargo, Dedicated Freight Corridors, Access-Controlled Expressways, National Highways, State Highways in a Hub and Spoke model.

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Similar rail development
Similar roads development
Similar ports and river transport development
Similar air transport development
Highways in India
General

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Government Schemes in India

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 Bharatmala presentation
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,00 6,01 6,02 6,03 6,04 6,05 6,06 6,07 6,08 6,09 6,10 6,11 6,12 6,13 6,14 6,15 6,16 6,17 6,18 BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA, PHASE-I
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited to award first project for North-East in October, Economic Times, 9 Oct 9 2014.
  9. ↑ NHIDCL intro.
  10. ↑ What is Central Road Fund (CRF)?, Indian Economy.
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Investment approval for Phase 1
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 13,6 13,7 new release
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Transport ministry seeks Rs 78,000 crore to help fund Bharatmala, Economic Times, 24 Dec 2017.
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 Nitin Gadkari press conference highlights: BharatMala, SagarMala to be 'varmala' of India, says minister, First Post, 25 Oct 2017.
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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