Английская Википедия:Bielawa
Шаблон:Other places Шаблон:Infobox settlement
Bielawa Шаблон:IPAc-pl (Шаблон:Lang-de; Шаблон:Lang-szl) is a town in southwestern Poland. Since 1999, it has been situated in Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of the Wałbrzych Voivodeship. As of January 1, 2023, it has a population of 28 344.[1]
Bielawa lies in the central part of Lower Silesia, along the Bielawica stream in the Owl Mountains region. The town covers an area in excess of Шаблон:Convert.
Bielawa lies at an altitude range of 280 and 964 m above sea level, in the Owl Mountains. The town is a year-round tourist destination; its outdoor attractions include four major hiking trails of varying difficulty in an Шаблон:Convert park, as well as cycling trails and ski lifts.
History
The oldest known mention of Bielawa dates back to 1288, when it was part of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland.[2] Its name is of Polish origin and is derived from the word biela, bila, current Polish biała ("white").[2]
In 1720 the first brick house was built in the village and in 1741 it was captured and afterwards annexed by Prussia. In 1805 Christian Dierig founded a weaving company (Christian Dierig AG). During the Napoleonic Wars, the village was occupied by France. In 1844 it was the site of the Weavers' Uprising, brutally crushed by the Prussians.[2] From 1871 to 1945 it was part of Germany. In 1891 the Dzierżoniów–Bielawa railway line opened. In 1924 Bielawa obtained town rights.[2] During World War II the Germans established the FAL Langenbielau II subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in the town.[3] In 1945 it was captured by the Soviets and eventually reintegrated with Poland. Greeks, refugees of the Greek Civil War, settled in Bielawa in the 1950s.[4]
Demographics
<timeline> ImageSize = width:630 height:300 PlotArea = left:50 right:20 top:25 bottom:30 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = late Colors =
id:linegrey2 value:gray(0.9) id:linegrey value:gray(0.7) id:cobar value:rgb(0.0,0.7,0.8) id:cobar2 value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6)
DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:35000 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey2 PlotData =
color:cobar width:19 align:left bar:1870 from:0 till:12000 bar:1939 from:0 till:20116 bar:1946 from:0 till:17269 bar:1950 from:0 till:22367 bar:1955 from:0 till:25520 bar:1960 from:0 till:28090 bar:1965 from:0 till:30869 bar:1970 from:0 till:31051 bar:1975 from:0 till:32328 bar:1980 from:0 till:32309 bar:1985 from:0 till:33983 bar:1990 from:0 till:34344 bar:1992 color:cobar2 from:0 till:34851 bar:1997 from:0 till:34008 bar:2002 from:0 till:31787 bar:2007 from:0 till:31106 bar:2012 from:0 till:31480 bar:2017 from:0 till:30207 bar:2021 from:0 till:29232
PlotData=
textcolor:black fontsize:S bar:1870 at: 12000 text: 12000 shift:(-14,5) bar:1939 at: 20116 text: 20116 shift:(-14,5) bar:1946 at: 17269 text: 17269 shift:(-14,5) bar:1950 at: 22367 text: 22367 shift:(-14,5) bar:1955 at: 25520 text: 25520 shift:(-14,5) bar:1960 at: 28090 text: 28090 shift:(-14,5) bar:1965 at: 30869 text: 30869 shift:(-14,5) bar:1970 at: 31051 text: 31051 shift:(-14,5) bar:1975 at: 32328 text: 32328 shift:(-14,5) bar:1980 at: 32309 text: 32309 shift:(-14,5) bar:1985 at: 33983 text: 33983 shift:(-14,5) bar:1990 at: 34344 text: 34344 shift:(-14,5) bar:1992 at: 34851 text: 34851 shift:(-14,5) bar:1997 at: 34008 text: 34008 shift:(-14,5) bar:2002 at: 31787 text: 31787 shift:(-14,5) bar:2007 at: 31106 text: 31106 shift:(-14,5) bar:2012 at: 31480 text: 31480 shift:(-14,5) bar:2017 at: 30207 text: 30207 shift:(-14,5) bar:2021 at: 29232 text: 29232 shift:(-14,5)
</timeline>
Main sights
There are numerous historical buildings in Bielawa. At its center is the 19th-century Neo-Gothic Church of the Assumption with a 101 m tall tower, the third tallest in Poland. Other buildings include a late-Renaissance palace originally built as a fortified manor house; the Church of the Corpus Christi, erected in 1743; and numerous 18th-century Baroque houses that were restored in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is also a home to a number of medieval penitential crosses.
International relations
Twin towns - sister cities
Bielawa is twinned with:[5] Шаблон:Div col
- Шаблон:Flagicon Chatham-Kent, Canada
- Шаблон:Flagicon Ciechanów, Poland
- Шаблон:Flagicon Hronov, Czech Republic
- Шаблон:Flagicon Kostelec nad Orlicí, Czech Republic
- Шаблон:Flagicon Lingen, Germany
Surroundings
- Gola Dzierżoniowska Castle
- Medieval town of Niemcza
- Cistercian monastery at Henryków
Notable people
- Jeremiah Dencke (1725−1795), composer
- Ferdinand Gottlieb Flechtner (1811–1867), German industrialist
- Adolph Franz (1842–1916), German politician
- Friedrich Dierig (1845–1931), German industrialist
- Arthur Philipp Flechtner (1858–1936), Prussian General
- Karl Franz (1881–1967), German politician
- Georg Muschner (1885–1971), German cinematographer
- Walter Möse (1920–1944), Wehrmacht Oberfeldwebel
- Waltraut Engelberg (born 1929), author and wife of Ernst Engelberg
- Johann Alexander Wisniewsky (1929–2012), German industrialist
- Horst Weigang (born 1940), German athlete
- Eleni Tzoka (born 1956), Polish singer
- Aleksandra Kwasniewska (born 1978), Polish singer
- Robert Skibniewski (born 1983), Polish basketball player
- Jarosław Kuźniar (born 1979), Polish journalist and TV presenter
- Janusz Góra (born 1963), Polish footballer
- Art Binkowski (born 1975), Polish-Canadian boxer
- Jarosław Jach (born 1994), Polish footballer
Gallery
-
Parkowa Hill and Bielawa Lake in Bielawa
-
Church of the Assumption of Mary
-
Pension Leśny Dworek
-
Palace
-
Town hall
-
City Park in Bielawa
-
swimming pool "Aquarius" in Bielawa
-
Monument of Pope John Paul II in Bielawa
-
Lake in Bielawa
References
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Izabela Kubasiewicz, Emigranci z Grecji w Polsce Ludowej. Wybrane aspekty z życia mniejszości, p. 117 (in Polish)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
.JPG){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
