Английская Википедия:Bimbisara

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox royalty

Bimbisāra (in Buddhist tradition) or Shrenika (Шаблон:Transliteration) and Seniya (Шаблон:Transliteration) in the Jain historiesШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn (Шаблон:Circa[1][2] or Шаблон:Circa[3][4]) was the King of Magadha (Шаблон:Reign[5] or Шаблон:Reign[3][6]) and belonged to the Haryanka dynasty.[7] He was the son of Bhattiya.Шаблон:Sfn His expansion of the kingdom, especially his annexation of the kingdom of Anga to the east, is considered to have laid the foundations for the later expansion of the Mauryan Empire.[8]

According to Jain Tradition, he is said to be the first Tirthankara (will be named as Padmanabha / Mahapadma) out of 24th Tirthankara of the future cosmic age.[9] He frequently visited Samavasarana of Lord Mahavira seeking answers to his queries.[10]

According to Buddhist Tradition, he is also known for his cultural achievements and was a great friend and protector of the Buddha. According to the 7th century Chinese monk Xuanzang, Bimbisara built the city of Rajgir (Rajagriha).[5] He was succeeded on the throne by his son Ajatashatru.[8]

Life

Шаблон:Multiple image

Файл:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg
King Bimbisara visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from Sanchi

Bimbisara was the son of Bhattiya, a chieftain. He ascended to throne at the age of 15 in 543 BCE.Шаблон:Sfn He established the Haryanka dynasty and laid the foundations of Magadha with the fortification of a village, which later became the city of Pataliputra.Шаблон:Sfn Bimbisara's first capital was at Girivraja (identified with Rajagriha). He led a military campaign against Anga, perhaps to avenge his father's earlier defeat at the hands of its king, Brahmadatta. The campaign was successful, Anga was annexed, and prince Kunika (Ajatashatru) was appointed governor at Champa.Шаблон:Sfn His conquest of Anga gave Magadha control over the routes to the Ganges Delta, which had important ports that gave access to the eastern coast of India.[11]Шаблон:Sfn Pukkusati, the king of Gandhara, sent Bimbisara an embassy.Шаблон:Sfn

His court is said to have included Sona Kolivisa, Sumana (flower gatherer), Koliya (minister), Kumbhaghosaka (treasurer) and Jivaka (physician).Шаблон:Sfn

Marriage alliances

Bimbisara used marriage alliances to strengthen his position. His first wife was Kosala Devi, the daughter of Mahā Kosala, the king of Kosala, and a sister of Prasenajit.Шаблон:Sfn His bride brought him Kashi as dowry.[12] This marriage also ended the hostility between Magadha and Kosala and gave him a free hand in dealing with the other states. His second wife, Chellana, was a Licchavi princess from Vaishali and daughter of the Jain[13] king Chetaka.[14] His third wife, Kshema, was a daughter of the chief of the Madra clan of Punjab.[15] Mahavagga depicts him having 500 wives.Шаблон:Sfn

Imprisoned

Файл:Bimbisarajail.jpg
Bimbisara's jail, where King Bimbisāra was imprisoned, in Rajgir

As per Buddhism, due to influence by Dustabandu Divadatt (a Buddhist monk), Bimbisāra was assassinated by his son Ajatashatru in Шаблон:Circa, who then succeeded him to the throne. However, as per Jainism, Bimbisāra committed suicide.[11]

Traditional accounts

Jainism

Bimbisara is referred to as ShrenikaШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn of Rajgir in Jain literature who became a devotee of Jainism impressed by the calmness of Jain Muni Yamadhar.[16][13] He frequently visited Samavasarana of Lord Mahavira seeking answers to his queries. He asked about the jain Ramayana[10] and an illuminating sage (King Prasana).[17] He is said to be a Balabhadra in one of his previous lives.[18]

Per Jain scripture, Bimbisara killed himself in a fit of passion, after his son had imprisoned him. Consequently, he was reborn in hell, where he is currently residing, until the karma which led to his birth there comes to an end.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn It is further written, that he will be reborn as Mahapadma (sometimes called Padmanabha), the first in the chain of future tirthankaras who are to rise at the beginning of the upward motion (Utsarpini) of the next era of time.Шаблон:Sfn

Buddhism

Файл:Bimbisar welcoming Buddha Roundel 30 buddha ivory tusk.jpg
Bimbisara welcomes the Buddha

According to Buddhist scriptures, King Bimbisara met the Buddha for the first time prior to the Buddha's enlightenment, and later became an important disciple that featured prominently in certain Buddhist suttas. He is recorded to have attained sotapannahood, a degree of enlightenment in Buddhist teachings.[19] Although Bimbisara let the women in his palace visit Buddha in his monastery in the evenings; the women wanted a hair-and-nail stupa they could use to venerate the Buddha any time. Bimbisara spoke with Buddha who complied with their request.[20]

Others

According to Puranas, Bimbisara ruled Magadha for a period of 28 or 38 years. Sinhalese chronicles date his reign to be of 52 years.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

See also

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-reg Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:End

Шаблон:Buddhism topics Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Hugh George Rawlinson (1950), A Concise History of the Indian People. Oxford University Press, p. 46.
  2. ↑ F. Max Muller (2001): The Dhammapada And Sutta-nipata. Routledge (UK), p. xlvii. Шаблон:ISBN.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Keay, John: India: A History. Revised and Updated: "The date [of Buddha's meeting with Bimbisara] (given the Buddhist 'short chronology') must have been around 400 BC."
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 V. K. Agnihotri (ed.), Indian History. Allied Publishers, New Delhi 262010, p. 166 f.
  6. ↑ Keay, India: A History
  7. ↑ Peter N. Stearns (2001), The Encyclopedia of World History. Houghton Mifflin, p. 76 ff. Шаблон:ISBN.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Citation
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  12. ↑ Eck, Diana. (1998) Banaras, Columbia University Press. p. 45. Шаблон:ISBN.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Luniya, Bhanwarlal Nathuram. (1967) Evolution of Indian Culture, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal. p. 114.
  15. ↑ Krishna, Narendra. (1944) History of India, A. Mukherjee & bros. p. 90.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Bimbisara&oldid=13527736