Английская Википедия:Biodiversity of Colombia
1 - Tropical Andes
5 - Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
The biodiversity of Colombia is the variety of indigenous organisms in the country with the second-highest biodiversity in the world.[1] As of 2021, around 63,000 species are registered in Colombia, of which 14% are endemic. The country occupies worldwide the first position in number of orchids, birds and butterflies, second position in plants, amphibians and fresh water fish, third place in species of palm trees and reptiles and globally holds the sixth position in biodiversity of mammals.[2]
The country hosts 59 nationally designated protected areas. At the establishment of the most recent addition, Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park, Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos said "Biodiversity is to Colombia, what oil is for the Arabs".[3][4]
In 2020, according to the Colombian Biodiversity Information System, 63,303 species were registered in the country,[5] of which more than 8,800 are considered endemic species.[6][7][8] The country occupies the first position in the world in number of orchid and bird species, second in plants, amphibians, butterflies and freshwater fish, third in palm and reptile species, and fourth in mammalian biodiversity.
According to a report by the WWF, half of Colombia's ecosystems are in a critical state of deterioration or in a state of danger. The organization said that environmental degradation is due to oil extraction, mineral and metal extraction and deforestation. Deteriorating ecosystems are threatening the existence of more than a third of Colombia's plants and 50 percent of its animals.[9]
Since 1998, the Humboldt Institute for Biological Resources has been collecting biodiversity samples. As of 2014, 16,469 samples, representing around 2,530 species of 1,289 genera, and 323 families from Colombian biodiversity have been stored in its archives. [10]
Description
Colombia is one of seventeen megadiverse countries in the world.[7] The country in northwestern South America contains 311 types of coastal and continental ecosystems.[1] As of the beginning of 2021, a total of between 63,000 and 71,000 species are registered in the country,[8][5] with 8803 endemic species, representing near the 14% of the total registered species.[6] Colombia is the country with the most páramos in the world; more than 60% of the Andean ecosystem is found within Colombian territories.[11] Boyacá is the department where 18.3% of the national total area is located.[12] Since December 20, 2014, Colombia hosts 59 protected areas.[13] The biodiversity is highest in the Andean natural region, followed by the Amazon natural region.[14] Since 1998, the Humboldt Institute for Biological Resources in the country has been collecting samples of biodiversity. As of 2014, 16,469 samples, representing around 2530 species from 1289 genera, and 323 families of the Colombian biodiversity have been stored in their archives.[15]
The biodiversity of Colombia is at risk, mainly because of habitat loss, urbanisation, deforestation and overfishing.[16] According to a study of 2001, Шаблон:Convert of forested area is lost every year.[17] Around 1300 species are critically endangered, and 509 species are introduced in Colombia, 22 of which are classified as invasive species in Colombia.[2] Various plans to address the environmental issues are proposed.[18] The National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) is the administrator of protected areas.
Biodiversity in numbers
| Class | Group | Pos | Species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vertebrates | Mammals (list, primates) | 4 | Шаблон:Center |
| Birds (list, endemic) | 1 | Шаблон:Center | |
| Reptiles (list, lizards, snakes) | 3 | Шаблон:Center | |
| Amphibians | 2 | Шаблон:Center | |
| Marine fish | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Freshwater fish (Magdalena River) | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Invertebrates (arthropods) |
Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) | 1 | Шаблон:Center |
| Ants | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Marine molluscs | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Marine sponges | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Corals | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Marine decapods | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Echinoderms | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Terrestrial molluscs | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Beetles | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Arachnids | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Bees | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Diptera | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Flora (endemic) | Flowering plants | Шаблон:Center | |
| Flowerless plants | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Orchids (endemic) | 1 | Шаблон:Center | |
| Ferns and relatives | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Palm trees | 3 | Шаблон:Center | |
| Mosses and relatives | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Algae | Terrestrial algae | Шаблон:Center | |
| Marine algae | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Fungi | Lichen | Шаблон:Center | |
| Macrofungi | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Rusts | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Smuts | Шаблон:Center |
To commemorate the biodiversity of Colombia, the coins of the Colombian peso introduced in 2012 feature a species each.[19]
Natural regions
Шаблон:Main Colombia is divided into six natural regions.
Caribbean natural region
Andean natural region
Orinoquía natural region
| Surface area | Шаблон:Convert | ||
| Departments | Шаблон:ColbeginФайл:Flag of Arauca.svg Arauca Файл:Flag of Casanare.svg Casanare Файл:Flag of Meta.svg Meta Файл:Flag of Vichada.svg Vichada Шаблон:Colend | ||
| National parks | La Macarena Los Picachos Tinigua El Tuparro |
||
| Biodiversity | aquatic birds | 92 | |
| amphibians | 57 | ||
| reptiles | 119 | ||
| plants | 2692 | ||
| fish | 619 | ||
| References | Шаблон:Center | ||
Amazon natural region
| Surface area | Шаблон:Convert | ||
| Departments | Шаблон:ColbeginФайл:Flag of Amazonas (Colombia).svg Amazonas Файл:Flag of Caquetá.svg Caquetá Файл:Flag of Guainía.svg Guainía Файл:Flag of Guaviare.svg Guaviare Файл:Flag of Putumayo.svg Putumayo Файл:Flag of Vaupés.svg Vaupés Файл:Flag of Vichada.svg Vichada Шаблон:Colend | ||
| National parks | Шаблон:ColbeginAlto Fragua Indi-Wasi Amacayacu Cahuinarí Chiribiquete Nukak La Paya Puinawai Río Puré Churumbelos TiniguaШаблон:Colend |
||
| Biodiversity | aquatic birds | 74 | |
| amphibians | 158 | ||
| reptiles | 195 | ||
| plants | 5300 | ||
| fish | 675 | ||
| References | Шаблон:Center | ||
Pacific/Chocó natural region
| Surface area | Шаблон:Convert | ||
| Departments | Файл:Flag of Cauca.svg Cauca Файл:Flag of Chocó.svg Chocó Файл:Flag of Nariño.svg Nariño Файл:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg Valle del Cauca |
||
| National parks | Los Katíos Sanquianga Uramba Bahía Málaga Utría | ||
| Biodiversity | aquatic birds | 142 | |
| amphibians | 154 | ||
| reptiles | 177 | ||
| plants | 4525 | ||
| fish | 164 | ||
| References | Шаблон:Center | ||
Insular natural region
| Surface area | Шаблон:Convert | ||
| Departments | Файл:Flag of Bolívar (Colombia).svg Bolívar Файл:Flag of Cauca.svg Cauca Файл:Flag of San Andrés y Providencia.svg San Andrés y Providencia Файл:Flag of Valle del Cauca.svg Valle del Cauca |
||
| National parks | Corales del Rosario Malpelo Old Providence Gorgona | ||
| Biodiversity | Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo | ||
| fish | 170 | ||
| corals | 52 | ||
| sponges | 25 | ||
| molluscs & crustaceans | 100s | ||
| Gorgona Island | |||
| fish | Pseudobatos prahli | ||
| Trichomycterus gorgona | |||
| Malpelo Island | |||
| fish | Acanthemblemaria stephensi | ||
| Halichoeres malpelo | |||
| Old Providence Lagoon | |||
| birds | 74 | ||
| References | Шаблон:Center | ||
Biodiversity hotspots
Шаблон:Multiple image Colombia hosts two biodiversity hotspots; the Tropical Andes and Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena. The country is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves with five biosphere reserves:[20]
| Name | Since | First review |
Second review |
Image | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cinturón Andino | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | |
| El Tuparro | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | |
| Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | |
| Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | ||
| Seaflower | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center | Шаблон:Center |
Species
Selected fauna
Selected endemic flora
Selected endemic fungi
Panoramas
Шаблон:Wide image Шаблон:Wide image
See also
- Biodiversity of the Eastern Hills, Bogotá
- Conservation biology
- Biodiversity of Thomas van der Hammen Natural Reserve
- Biodiversity of Cape Town, New Caledonia, New Zealand
- Biodiversity of Borneo, environmental issues in Colombia
- Environmental personhood
References
Bibliography
External links
- Biodiversidad Colombia - Universidad de La Salle Шаблон:In lang
- Colombia: Bajo Caguán-Caquetá Rapid Inventory [PDF]
- Colombia: La Lindosa, Capricho, Cerritos Rapid Inventory [PDF]
Шаблон:Colombia topics Шаблон:Natural regions of Colombia Шаблон:Protected areas of Colombia Шаблон:Biodiversity Worldwide Шаблон:Biodiversity of Colombia
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Qué es la biodiversidad - Humboldt Institute Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Biodiversidad en cifras - SiB Colombia Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ Nuevo Parque Nacional Natural de Colombia Bahía PorteteШаблон:Dead link - Ministerio de Ambiente, Colombia Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ Bahía Portete, regalo de Navidad - El Espectador Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Biodiversidad en Cifras 2021 - SiB Colombia Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Especies endémicas, áreas protegidas y deforestación | Biodiversidad 2018 - Humboldt Institute Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Biodiversity A-Z
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Biodiversidad en Colombia Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ Colombia Viva:Informe 2017 - WWF-Colombia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Five unmissable Colombian páramos begging to be explored
- ↑ Nieto Escalante et al., 2010, p.75
- ↑ Parques Nacionales de Colombia Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ Estadísticas Biodiversidad Colombia Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ Arbeláez Cortés et al., 2015, p.163
- ↑ UNDP, 2014, p.18
- ↑ Rodríguez Becerra, 2001, p.10
- ↑ Plan de acción de biodiversidad Colombia 2016-2030 Шаблон:Webarchive Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ Biodiversidad nuestra conexión vital - Banco de la República Шаблон:In lang
- ↑ World Biosphere Reserves - Latin America & The Caribbean
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Environment of Colombia
- Lists of biota of Colombia
- Fauna of Colombia
- Flora of Colombia
- Endemic fauna of Colombia
- Endemic flora of Colombia
- Wildlife by country
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
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