Английская Википедия:Birkebeinerrennet

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:About Шаблон:Infobox recurring event

Birkebeinerrennet (lit. The Birkebeiner race) is a long-distance cross-country ski marathon held annually in Norway. It debuted in 1932 and has been a part of Worldloppet since Worldloppet's inception in 1979.[1]

The Birkebeinerrennet is one of three races held under the Birkebeiner moniker, the other two being Birkebeinerrittet (bicycling) and Шаблон:Ill (cross-country running).

The race was inspired by a notable journey made by the Birkebeiner loyalists Torstein Skevla and Skjervald Skrukka to save the infant heir to the Norwegian throne, Håkon Håkonsson, in the winter of 1206.

Researchers at the Manchester Metropolitan University found that the metabolic cost for modern ski models is about 2.5 J/kg*m as compared to about 5 J/kg*m for ski models dated 542 AD. They also estimated maximum cross country speed for the 542 AD ski to 5 m/s, compared to about 12 m/s for modern cross country skis; for long distance skiing (several hours) results were 3 and 7 m/s respectively. This corresponds to about 5 hours for the original 1206 AD Birkebeiner flight.[2]

Race

The race starts at Rena and ends at Lillehammer, a distance of Шаблон:Convert. The number of participants has been steadily increasing each year, and for the 2011 race, the limit was set at 16,000.[3]

The following aid stations are present:

  • Skramstadsetra, 9 km
  • Dambua, 15 km
  • Kvarstad, 28 km
  • Midtfjellet, 35 km
  • Sjusjøen, 40 km

History

Origin

Файл:Birkebeinerne på Ski over Fjeldet med Kongsbarnet.jpg
Skiing Birchlegs Crossing the Mountain with the Royal Child, painted by Knud Bergslien. Painting located at The Ski Museum. Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway.

The Birkebeinerrennet has been held since 1932, and commemorates a trip made by the Birkebeiner loyalists Torstein Skevla and Skjervald Skrukka to save the infant heir to the Norwegian throne, Håkon Håkonsson, in 1206. All participants carry a backpack weighing at least 3.5 kg, symbolizing the weight of the then one-year-old king. The inaugural edition was won by Trygve Beisvåg. An own class for women was established in 1976. Until 1991, the start city was alternated between Lillehamer (finish at Rena) and Rena (finish at Lillehamer). The last time that Birkebeinerrenet started at Lillehammer, the start was located on the site where the Lysgårdsbakken ski jumping arena were built for the 1994 Winter Olympics.

Special 2002 FIS World Cup Race

In 2002, the race was included as the last event in the FIS World Cup. The World Cup class was won by Thomas Alsgaard and Anita Moen Guidon finishing in 2:24:08.7[4] and 2:43:39.1,[5] respectively, faster than all records set prior to 2012 for men and prior to 2015 for women. However, the participants in the World Cup class were not required to carry the 3.5 kg backpack, and these times set in 2002 were therefore not considered as records.

Recent years

In 2007, the race was cancelled for the first time in history due to extremely high winds (90 km/h or 55 mph). However, at the time of cancellation, the event had been under way for nearly an hour, with roughly a quarter of the 13,000 competitors already on course. Despite the efforts of officials to send everyone back to the starting point, 55 competitors eventually reached the finish in Lillehammer, and upon being interviewed, blasted the decision to cancel the event [1].

The race was also cancelled in 2014, only 15 minutes before the start due to high winds of 15 m/s.[6] Despite the cancellation, thousands of skiers completed the route from Rena to Lillehammer (and from Lillehammer to Rena) and criticized the decision.[7][8] The organizers also decided not to give any refunds, which caused an investigation by the Norwegian Skiing Federation. In 2015, conditions were good for skiing fast and new records were set in both the men's and the women's classes. Petter Eliassen skied in 2 hours, 19 minutes and 28 seconds, more than two minutes faster than the previous record set by Anders Aukland in 2012. Therese Johaug skied the 2015 edition in 2 hours, 41 minutes and 46 seconds and set a new record for female skiers. The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.[9]

Past winners

Course record in bold. Шаблон:Col-begin Шаблон:Col-2

Men

Year Name Club/Nation Time
1932 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:51.04
1933 Arne Rustadstuen Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:24.12
1934 Arne Rustadstuen (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 5:41.25
1935 Olaf Hoffsbakken Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:10.35
1936 Oscar Gjøslien Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 5:16.05
1937 Gunnar Hansveen Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:44.45
1938 Olaf Hoffsbakken (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:56.34
1939 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:09.05
1940 Gunnar Hansveen (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:30.09
1946 Leif Haugen Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:54.59
1947 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:38.24
1949 Olav Kveberg Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:13.55
1950 Шаблон:Ill (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:28.15
1951 Thorfinn Staff Eid Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:12.01
1952 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:17.50
1953 Johs. Woxen Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:20.25
1954 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:30.18
1955 Oddmund Jensen Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:57.31
1956 Einar Skaaren Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:03.33
1957 Oddmund Jensen (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:48.46
1958 Oddmund Jensen (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:39.34
1959 Einar Skaaren (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:01.33
1960 Martin Stokken Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:34.19
1961 Ole Ellefsæter Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:44.02
1962 Oddmund Jensen (4) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:43.15
1963 Magnar Ingebrigtsli Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:04.59
1964 Egil Tvedt Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:23.31
1965 Oddmund Jensen (5) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:41.48
1966 Egil Tvedt (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:36.34
1967 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:00.39
1968 Erik Solberg Johansen Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:16.50
1969 Niri Helleberg Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:20.51
1970 Arne Vehus Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:21.40
1971 Bjørn Arvnes Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:40.30
1972 Erik Solberg Johansen (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:24.19
1973 Per Knotten Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:06.07
1974 Dag Anmarkrud Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:22.42
1975 Ivar Formo Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:25.35
1976 Audun Kolstad Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:12.10
1977 Audun Kolstad (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:05.39
1978 Anders Bakken Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:14.04
1979 Anders Bakken (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:14.35
1980 Dag Atle Bjørkheim Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:16.05
1981 Sven-Åke Lundbäck Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden 3:16.25
1982 Dag Atle Bjørkheim (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:02.43
1983 Per Knut Aaland Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:51.25
1984 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:59.28
1985 Ola Hassis Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden 2:53.11
1986 Örjan Blomquist Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden 3:08.30
1987 Pierre Harvey Шаблон:Flagicon Canada 3:08.30
1988 Jo Helgestad Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:08.08
1989 John Kvale Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:58.56
1990 Per Knut Aaland (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:03.44
1991 Per Knut Aaland (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:05.07
1992 Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:15.34
1993 Aleksandr Golubev Шаблон:Flagicon Russia 2:45.42
1994 Erling Jevne Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:36.10
1995 Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:57.18
1996 Erling Jevne (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:39.12
1997 Erling Jevne (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:33.05
1998 Erling Jevne (4) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:43.19
1999 Erling Jevne (5) Шаблон:Flagicon Øyer-Tretten IF, Norway 2:50.45
2000 Erling Jevne (6) Шаблон:Flagicon Øyer-Tretten IF, Norway 2:41.53
2001 Erling Jevne (7) Шаблон:Flagicon Øyer-Tretten IF, Norway 2:38.45
2002 Stanislav Řezáč Шаблон:Flagicon Czech Republic 2:39.08
2003 Odd-Bjørn Hjelmeset (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Шаблон:Ill, Norway 2:39.56
2004 Шаблон:Ill Шаблон:Flagicon Italy 2:48.55
2005 Stanislav Řezáč (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Czech Republic 2:37.37
2006 Anders Aukland Шаблон:Flagicon Oseberg SL, Norway 2:52.13
2007 Cancelled
2008 Stanislav Řezáč (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Czech Republic 2:24.33
2009 Jerry Ahrlin Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden 2:36.58
2010 Anders Aukland (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Oseberg SL, Norway 2:27.19
2011 Stanislav Řezáč (4) Шаблон:Flagicon Czech Republic 2:39.54
2012 Anders Aukland (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:21.34
2013 Anders Aukland (4) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2:42.38
2014 Cancelled
2015 Petter Eliassen Шаблон:Flagicon Team LeasePlan Go, Norway 2:19.28
2016 John Kristian Dahl Шаблон:Flagicon Team United Bakeries, Norway 2:27.34
2017 Martin Johnsrud Sundby Шаблон:Flagicon Team United Bakeries, Norway 2:20.52
2018 Andreas Nygaard Шаблон:Flagicon Team Santander, Norway 2:33.13
2019 Petter Eliassen (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Team BN Bank, Norway 2:23.47
2020 Cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic

Шаблон:Col-2

Women

Year Name Club/Nation Time
1976 Berit Mørdre Lammedal Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:54.44
1977 Valborg Østberg Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:31.04
1978 Birgit Øverby Tennøe Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:49.01
1979 Anna Bjørgan Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 4:07.48
1980 Anna Bjørgan (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:47.15
1981 Vigdis Rønning Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:43.19
1982 Birgit Øverby Tennøe (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:40.55
1983 Hilde Riis Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:26.47
1984 Gry Oftedal Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:27.00
1985 Gry Oftedal (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:25.45
1986 Ellen Grepperud Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:52.45
1987 Astrid Dæhlie Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:47.32
1988 Elisabeth Tharaldsen Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:50.13
1989 Marthe Flugstad Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:13.35
1990 Mona Fugli Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:51.50
1991 Ragnhild Bratberg Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:38.54
1992 Anne Jahren Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:52.00
1993 Astrid Kristin Ruud Шаблон:Flagicon NTHI, Norway 3:24.25
1994 Marit Elveos Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:21.12
1995 Unni Ødegård Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:28.15
1996 Marit Mikkelsplass Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:05.12
1997 Marthe Flugstad (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 3:10.46
1998 Anita Moen Guidon Шаблон:Flagicon Trysilfjellet SK, Norway 3:03.21
1999 Anita Moen Guidon (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Trysilfjellet SK, Norway 3:21.22
2000 Anita Moen Guidon (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Trysilfjellet SK, Norway 3:06.24
2001 Anita Moen Guidon (4) Шаблон:Flagicon Trysilfjellet SK, Norway 3:03.27
2002 Marthe Flugstad (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Gjøvik SK, Norway 3:08.27
2003 Annmari Viljanmaa Шаблон:Flagicon Finland 3:05.16
2004 Annmari Viljanmaa (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Finland 3:03.47
2005 Cristina Paluselli Шаблон:Flagicon Italy 3:10.59
2006 Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen Шаблон:Flagicon Nybygda IL, Norway 3:08.10
2007 Cancelled
2008 Шаблон:Nowrap Шаблон:Flagicon Nybygda IL, Norway 2:52.04
2009 Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Nybygda IL, Norway 3:05.00
2010 Jenny Hansson Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden 2:57.33
2011 Seraina Boner Шаблон:Flagicon Switzerland 3:11.17
2012 Seraina Boner (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Switzerland 2:47.03
2013 Seraina Boner (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Switzerland 3:09.12
2014 Cancelled[10]
2015 Therese Johaug Шаблон:Flagicon Norway 2.41.46
2016 Seraina Boner (4) Шаблон:Flagicon Switzerland 2:55.04
2017 Justyna Kowalczyk Шаблон:Flagicon Team Santander, Poland 2:46.40
2018 Justyna Kowalczyk (2) Шаблон:Flagicon Team Santander, Poland 3:06.10
2019 Justyna Kowalczyk (3) Шаблон:Flagicon Team Trentino Robinson Trainer, Poland 2:51.31
2020 Cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic

Шаблон:Col-end

Birken Ski Festival

In the week preceding Birkebeinerrennet, several cross-country skiing races are held during the Birken Ski Festival:

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category-inline

Шаблон:Worldloppet