Английская Википедия:Bismarck Archipelago

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox islands The Bismarck Archipelago (Шаблон:Lang-de, Шаблон:IPA-de) is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about 50,000 square km.

History

The first inhabitants of the archipelago arrived around 30,000–40,000 years ago.[1] They may have traveled from New Guinea, by boat across the Bismarck Sea or via a temporary land bridge, created by an uplift in the Earth's crust.Шаблон:Cn Later arrivals included the Lapita people.

The first European to visit these islands was Dutch explorer Willem Schouten in 1616.[2][3] The islands remained unsettled by western Europeans until they were annexed as part of the German protectorate of German New Guinea in 1884. The area was named in honour of the Chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

On 13 March 1888, a volcano erupted on Ritter Island causing a megatsunami. Almost the entire volcano fell into the ocean, leaving a small crater lake.[4]

Файл:First Wave at Admiralty Islands.jpg
The first wave of US troops lands on Los Negros, Admiralty Islands, 29 February 1944.

Following the outbreak of World War I, the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force seized the islands in 1914 and Australia later received a League of Nations mandate for the islands. They remained under Australian administration—interrupted only by Japanese occupation during World War II—until Papua New Guinea became independent in September 1975.

Geography

The Bismarck Archipelago includes mostly volcanic islands with a total land area of Шаблон:Convert. The archipelago encompasses the Bismarck Sea and sits upon the North Bismarck Plate, the Manus Plate and the South Bismarck Plate.

Islands are grouped here according to administrative province:

Файл:Bismarck Archipelago within Papua New Guinea provinces (numbers) 2012.png
Islands of the Bismarck Archipelago (shown in red) within the Provinces of Papua New Guinea.

The passage of water between the islands of New Britain and New Ireland is called St. George's Channel after St. George's Channel in the British Isles between Wales and Ireland.

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

  • Firth, Stewart (1983). New Guinea Under the Germans. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. Шаблон:ISBN.
  • Howe, K. R., Robert C. Kiste, Brij V. Lal, eds. (1994). Tides of History: The Pacific Islands in the Twentieth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Шаблон:ISBN.
  • King, David et al. (1982). Papua New Guinea Atlas: A Nation in Transition. Bathurst, Australia: R. Brown and the University of Papua New Guinea. Шаблон:ISBN.
  • Moore, Clive (2003). New Guinea: Crossing Boundaries and History. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Шаблон:ISBN.
  • Ryan, Peter, ed. (1972). Encyclopedia of Papua New Guinea. 3 volumes; Vol I: A – K, maps, black and white illustrations, xv + 588pp. Vol II: l – Z, maps, black and white illustrations, 589–1231pp. Vol III: Index, folding colour map in rear pocket, map, colour illustration, v + 83pp. Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Press. Шаблон:ISBN.

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Islands of Papua New Guinea Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Sigmond, J. P. and Zuiderbann, L. H. (1976) Dutch Discoveries of Australia, Rigby, Australia. Шаблон:ISBN
  3. ↑ Spate, O. H. K. (1979) The Spanish Lake, Australian National University, Second Edition, 2004. Шаблон:ISBN
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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