Английская Википедия:Bistro
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About
A bistro or bistrot (Шаблон:IPAc-en), in its original Parisian form, is a small restaurant serving moderately priced, simple meals in a modest setting. The term 'bistro' has also become used by more "pretentious"[1] restaurants.
Style
In a 2007 survey of national cuisines, a bistro is characterised as typically: Шаблон:Blockindent A Paris newspaper in 1892 referred to dishes served at a bistro, including escargots, veal with sauce ravigote, navarin of lamb, hachis Parmentier, eggs, sausages and hot roast chicken.[2]
The Oxford Companion to Food comments that the idea of simple inexpensive food served in a French atmosphere has wide appeal, so that by the end of the 20th century the term had "begun to be annexed by more pretentious premises".[3]Шаблон:Refn
Etymology
The etymology is unclear. The Dictionnaire de l'Académie française dates the word from the 19th century term, bistro, "innkeeper", and suggests that it may be linked to the Poitevin word bistraud ("little servant"), or to bistrouille ("cheap liquor"). It recommends the spelling "bistrot" in preference to "bistro".[4]
The word was used to describe a drinking establishment, estaminet or small popular local restaurant[4] where alcoholic beverages were served. This is also what Emile Zola called an "assommoir" in his famous novel, L'Assommoir.[5]
In the early part of the century the term "gargote" signified a basic style of restaurant,Шаблон:Refn but the term "bistro" or "bistrot" is not recorded until towards the end of the century. An early appearance of the term in print is in Les deux gosses by Pierre Decourcelle, published in 1880.Шаблон:Refn
A popular folk etymology, not attested by the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, claims that the word originated among Russian troops who occupied Paris in 1814 following the Napoleonic Wars, who used to visit these tiny places to drink a coffee. They might have shouted bistro! bistro! (Шаблон:Lang-ru) when they wished to be served quickly. This etymology has been dismissed by linguists, because there is no attestation to the occurrence of the term until the late 19th century.[6]
Evolution
The bistro became familiar in France throughout the 19th century. At this period, the Auvergnats (French people originating from the Auvergne region), often called the "bougnats",[7] transformed and developed the french bistro. Indeed, they started to offer meats with their choice of wines and spirits.[8]
In the 20th century, these places become very popular and widely represent the diversity of the Parisian life.[9] More than that, bistros become the hallmark of the French lifestyle and inspire a multitude of artists (photographs, writers, etc.).
See also
- Brasserie, a slightly more formal French restaurant that may brew its own beer
- Diner, an inexpensive restaurant in North America that is well-known for offering breakfast foods.
- Parisian café, centers of French social and culinary life
- Sidewalk cafe
Notes, references and sources
Notes
References
Sources
External links
- Шаблон:Wiktionary-inline
- Merriam-Webster definition
- Paris Bistros: The Democratization of Excellence
- ↑ Hyman, pp. 77–78
- ↑ Anfossi, Marc. "Un bistro – fin de siècle", Le Petit Moniteur universel, 29 June 1892, p. 2, column 5
- ↑ Hyman, pp. 77–78
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 "bistrot", Dictionnaire de l'Académie française. Retrieved 28 January 2023
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Gold, pp. 19–47; and Rey, p. 408
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
