Английская Википедия:Black-and-yellow tanager
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
The black-and-yellow tanager (Chrysothlypis chrysomelas) is a fairly small passerine bird. This tanager is an endemic resident in the hills of Costa Rica and Panama.
Taxonomy and systematics
Most authorities recognize two subspecies: The nominate in Costa Rica and western Panama and C. c. ocularis in eastern Panama, but some recognize the population in Costa Rican and extreme western Panama as a third subspecies, C. c. titanota (then limiting the nominate to the remaining part of western Panama).[1] Some taxonomic lists modified the original name based on gender and use the specific name of chrysomelaena and this emendation is not considered correct.[2]
Description
The adult black-and-yellow tanager is about Шаблон:Convert long and weighs Шаблон:Convert.[3] The adult male has a bright yellow head, rump and underparts, and a black back, wings and tail. The wing linings are white. The male of C. c. ocularis differs in having a black spot on the lores.[1] The female has olive upperparts and yellow underparts, but in Costa Rica and extreme western Panama (the sometimes recognized C. c. titanota) the throat and lower belly is whitish.[4] She could be mistaken for a warbler or a female yellow-backed tanager.[1] Immatures resemble the adult female.[4]
Vocalizations
The black-and-yellow tanager's call is a scratchy single or repeated tsew, higher and faster than that of the silver-throated tanager.[3]
Distribution
In Panama it has been recorded as far east as the border-region with Colombia, but it has not yet been recorded in the latter country, though it almost certainly occurs.[1] In Costa Rica, the black-and-yellow tanager is found in the foothills and slopes on the Caribbean side of the central mountain ranges, typically from Шаблон:Convert altitude, and occasionally down to Шаблон:Convert.[3] In Panama, it is found on both the Caribbean and Pacific slope from Шаблон:Convert.[1] The preferred habitat is the canopy of wet forest and tall second growth, but it will feed lower at woodland edges and clearing.
Behavior and ecology
Black-and-yellow tanagers occur in small groups, or as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. This species feeds on small fruit, usually swallowed whole, insects and spiders.
The neat cup nest is built on a tree branch. The eggs are undescribed.[3]
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Taxonbar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Ridgely and Gwynne (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Panama, with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ David, N. & Gosselin M. (2002) Gender agreement of avian species names. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 122:14–49
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Stiles and Skutch (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Шаблон:ISBN
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Olson (1981). Systematic notes on certain Oscines from Panama and adjacent areas (Aves: Passeriformes). Prov. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94(2): 363-373.
