Английская Википедия:Black Rock Tunnel
The Black Rock Tunnel is an active rail road tunnel of the old Reading Railroad. The 1835 tunnel was the third rail tunnel constructed in the United States, and is the third oldest still in use.[1] The tunnel is also notable as being the first for which shafts were sunk during construction.[2] The tunnel is cut through a hill in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, United States. The tunnel and line are now owned by Norfolk Southern as part of its Harrisburg Line.
The Black Rock Tunnel was constructed between 1835 and 1837 and opened in 1838. W. Hasell Wilson was the resident engineer in charge.[2] The tunnel was originally Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert wide, and Шаблон:Convert high.[3] The tunnel passes Шаблон:Convert below the top of the hill.[1] A then-unique feature of the tunnel's construction was the sinking of six, Шаблон:Convert diameter shafts, tangent to the tunnel cross section. These shafts were spaced at Шаблон:Convert intervals to correct errors in the tunnel alignment.[2] Construction of the tunnel cost an estimated $178,992, equal to $Шаблон:Inflation today.[4]
Noted local miner, geologist and palaentologist Charles M. Wheatley examined the rock excavated from the tunnel and identified many previously unknown fossilized species, some of which now bear his name.[5]
In 1858 and 1859 the Black Rock and Flat Rock Tunnels were widened to accommodate the wider rolling stock from the Lebanon Valley Branch. The spacing between the tracks was increased from Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert. The widening of the tunnel was the first project to employ electric detonation of multiple explosive charges.[6]
The northern end of the tunnel is high on a steep bank of the Schuylkill River so the rail line makes a dramatic transition from tunnel to bridge. The ends of the Black Rock Tunnel are located at Шаблон:Coord and Шаблон:Coord.
See also
- List of tunnels documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
- Phoenixville Tunnel
References
External links
- Шаблон:HAER
- Black Rock Tunnel stereo image pair at the New York Public Library
- Black Rock Tunnel on RailPictures.net
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Pennypacker, p. 179.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- Английская Википедия
- Railroad tunnels in Pennsylvania
- Reading Railroad tunnels
- Norfolk Southern Railway tunnels
- Transportation buildings and structures in Chester County, Pennsylvania
- Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
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- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
