Английская Википедия:Black people in France
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Шаблон:Expand French Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox ethnic group Black French also known as French Black people or Afro-French (Afro-Français) are French people who are of sub-Saharan African (including Malagasy people) or Melanesian ancestry. It also includes people of mixed African/Melanesian and French ancestry.
Population statistics
Although it is illegal for the government of France to collect data on ethnicity and race in the census (a law with its origins in the 1789 revolution and reaffirmed in the constitution of 1958),[1] various population estimates exist. An article in The New York Times in 2008 stated that estimates vary between 3 million and 5 million.[2] It is estimated that four out of five black people in France are of African immigrant origin, with the minority being chiefly of Caribbean ancestry.[3][4]
Some organizations, such as the Representative Council of France's Black Associations (Шаблон:Lang-fr, CRAN), have argued in favor of the introduction of data collection on minority groups but this has been resisted by other organizations and ruling politicians,[5][6] often on the grounds that collecting such statistics goes against France's secular principles and harkens back to Vichy-era identity documents.[7] During the 2007 presidential election, however, Nicolas Sarkozy was polled on the issue and stated that he favoured the collection of data on ethnicity.[8] Part of a parliamentary bill which would have permitted the collection of data for the purpose of measuring discrimination was rejected by the Conseil Constitutionnel in November 2007.[1]
Notable people
In French politics
Afro-French or Kanak members of the French Parliament or government from overseas France
There have been dozens of Afro-Caribbean, Kanak, and Afro-French MPs representing overseas electoral districts at the French National Assembly or at the French Senate, and several government members.
- Jean-Baptiste Belley, first black politician to take seat at the National Convention when elected on 24 September 1793, as one of three members (deputés) elected to the French Parliament by the northern region of Saint-Domingue.
- Hégésippe Légitimus, second black deputy elected to the French National Assembly from 1898–1902 and 1906-1914.
- Gratien Candace, politician from Guadeloupe who served in the French Chamber of Deputies from 1912 to 1942 and served as vice-president of the French Chamber of Deputies from 1938 to 1940.
- Blaise Diagne, political leader and mayor of Dakar. He was the first person of West African origin elected to the French Chamber of Deputies,[9]Шаблон:Rp and the first to hold a position in the French government.
- Ngalandou Diouf, elected in 1909 to represent the commune of Rufisque at the advisory General Assembly (Conseil Général) of Saint-Louis, then capital of colonial Senegal.[9]Шаблон:Rp
- Achille René-Boisneuf, Guadeloupe politician and one of the first black deputies in the French National Assembly. He is incorrectly given the name Émile instead of Achille in Jean Joly's Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940 1946.[10]
- Maurice Satineau, politician from Guadeloupe who served in the Senate from 1948-1958 and the French Chamber of Deputies from 1936 to 1942 (the Chamber was not summoned between 1940 and 1942)
- Roger Bambuck, Minister of Youth and Sports from 1988 to 1991.
- Aimé Césaire, mayor of Fort-de-France and deputy from Martinique for the PCF/Martinican Progressive Party.
- Jean-Louis d'Anglebermes, Kanak politician from Caledonian Union.
- Félix Éboué, French Guianan-born colonial administrator and Free French leader.
- Laura Flessel-Colovic, she became the Sport Minister in 2017.
- Serge Letchimy, deputy for Martinique Socialist Party, Letchimy is also of partial Tamil descent.
- Gaston Monnerville, politician and lawyer, he was the president of the Senate from 1958 to 1968.
- Maurice Ponga, New Caledonian politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Overseas constituency from 2009 to 2019.
- Christiane Taubira, deputy from French Guiana, was the first black candidate to a French presidential election, in 2002. In 2012, she became the Justice Minister until 2016.
- Manuéla Kéclard-Mondésir, deputy from Martinique
Afro-French people elected in metropolitan France
- Severiano de Heredia, president of the municipal council of Paris (1879–1880/ sort of mayor of Paris ), deputy for Paris (1881–1889), minister (1887)
- Blaise Diagne (1872-1934), first person of Sub-Saharan African origin elected to the French Chamber of Deputies, and the first to hold a position in the French government.
- Élie Bloncourt (1896–1978), second Black metropolitan deputy (1936–40, 1945–47), first Black metropolitan general councillor (1934–40, 1945–51)[11]
- Ernest Chénière (1945–), former deputy for Oise (1993–97)
- Шаблон:Ill (1891–1945), first Black metropolitan mayor (1929–40)[12]
- Hélène Geoffroy, deputy for Rhône, mayor
- Maxette Grisoni-Pirbakas, elected an MEP in 2019.
- Gaston Monnerville (1897–1991), first Black metropolitan senator (1946–1974), president of the French Senate (1947–68), mayor, president of Lot's general council
- George Pau-Langevin, Paris deputy (2007–12), junior minister (2012–2014), Minister for Overseas (2014–)
- Arthur Richards (1890–1972), general councillor in Bordeaux (1951–1964), deputy for Gironde (1958–67)
- Rama Yade, former minister and secretary of State
- Harlem Désir, former minister for European Affairs and MEP, former First Secretary of the French Socialist Party
- Kofi Yamgnane, former minister, former MP, former mayor, former general councillor in Brittany.
- Hervé Berville, Rwandan genocide survivor, French economist and politician, Côtes-d'Armor MP for La République En Marche! since June 2017, party spokesperson.
- Seybah Dagoma, then 34-year-old lawyer of Chadian descent and founding member of a left-wing think tank, was elected in a Parisian constituency in 2012 and in office until 2017.
- Laetitia Avia, lawyer of Togolese descent, member of the National Assembly for the Paris's 6th constituency elected in 2017, defeated in 2022
- Danièle Obono, Gabonese descent MP for La France Insoumise representing the 17th Paris constituency since the legislative elections of 2017.
- Nadège Abomangoli, deputy from Seine-Saint-Denis
- Pap Ndiaye, historian of Franco-Senegalese descent, Minister of National Education and Youth from 20 May 2022 – 20 July 2023 in the Élisabeth Borne government.
- Rachel Keke, Ivorian-born French politician and former chambermaid, now member of the National Assembly since 2022, representing the 7th constituency of the Val-de-Marne department.[13]
- Fanta Berete, politician of Renaissance who has been serving as a Member of Parliament for Paris's 12th constituency since 2022. She was the substitute of Olivia Grégoire who became a government minister.[14]
- Carlos Martens Bilongo, French teacher and politician who has represented the 8th constituency of the Val-d'Oise department in the National Assembly since 2022 for La France Insoumise (FI), he was elected under the New Ecological and Social People's Union (NUPES) alliance.[15]
Political activists
- Frantz Fanon, Marxist, existentialist and anti-colonial author and activist. Renounced his French citizenship.
- Kémi Séba, Pan-Africanist political leader, writer, activist and geopolitical analyst for various African television channels
- Louis-Georges Tin, president of the Representative Council of France's Black Associations and founder of the International Day Against Homophobia
- Rokhaya Diallo, French journalist, BET-France host, author, filmmaker, and activist for racial, gender and religious equality.
- Sibeth Ndiaye, French-Senegalese communications advisor. Government Spokeswoman for Édouard Philippe's government from April 2019 to July 2020.
- Susanna Ounei, Kanak independence activist.
- Stéphane Pocrain, co-founder of CRAN (Conseil Représentatif des Associations Noires de France) and ecologist militant.
- Fodé Sylla, co-founder of CRAN, second president of the French anti-racist organisation SOS Racisme between 1992 and 1999.
In sports
In basketball
In football
In rugby
Other sports
- Christine Arron, track and field sprint athlete
- Surya Bonaly, Olympic figure skater
- Stéphen Boyer, volleyball player
- Laura Flessel-Colovic, fencer
- Vanessa James, Olympic figure skater
- Gaël Monfils, tennis player
- Daniel Narcisse, team handball player, IHF World Player of the Year 2012
- Francis Ngannou, mixed martial artist
- Earvin N'Gapeth, volleyball player
- Barthélémy Chinenyeze, volleyball player
- Éric N'Gapeth, father of Earvin, volleyball player
- Yannick Noah, last French French Open tennis winner to this day (1983), current French Davis Cup coach
- Marie-José Pérec, multiple Olympic gold medal sprinter
- Jackson Richardson, team handball player, IHF World Player of the Year 1995
- Teddy Riner, judoka
- Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, tennis player
In entertainment and media
- Josephine Baker, dancer, singer, actress, wartime spy for the Free French Resistance and French Airforce lieutenant nurse
- Darling Légitimus, Volpi Cup for Best Actress-winning actress
- Euzhan Palcy, film director, screenwriter, and producer, Academy Honorary Award lifetime distinction recipient
- Guillaume Guillon-Lethière, painter
- Élé Asu, journalist and TV presenter of Nigerian descent
- Édouard Montoute, French actor and thespian
- Dominique Thimbakala, TV newscaster for BFM TV
- Kareen Guiock, TV newscaster for M6
- Mouss Diouf, actor
- Ladj Ly, film director and screenwriter
- Aya Nakamura, singer
- Miss Dominique, singer
- Fabe, rapper
- Hélène and Célia Faussart (Les Nubians), singing duo
- Aissa Maiga, actress
- Sonia Rolland, actress
- Imany, singer
- Hubert Kounde, actor and thespian
- Lord Kossity, Dancehall musician
- Dieudonné M'bala M'bala, comedian and anti-Zionist activist
- Fab Morvan, model and singer, half of Milli Vanilli
- Audrey Pulvar, newscaster and journalist
- Firmine Richard, actress
- Harry Roselmack, newscaster
- Omar Sy, César-winning actor
- Olivier Coipel, comic book artist
- Bukola Elemide, Female musician
- Black M, rapper
- Gims, rapper
- Lefa, rapper
- MHD, rapper
- MC Solaar, cult French rapper
- Niska, rapper
- Dadju, singer
Файл:Louise Marie Thérèse (The Black Nun of Moret).jpg Shy'm, pop singerA painting of black nun Louise Marie Thérèse, from 1695 - Les Twins, new-style hip-hop dancers
- Ziak (fr), rapper
- Jacky Brown and Ben-J (Nèg' Marrons (fr)), reggae & hip-hop duo
- Ralph Amoussou, actor and thespian
In literature
- Calixthe Beyala, writer
- Aimé Césaire, writer
- Suzanne Césaire, writer
- Maryse Condé, writer
- Raphaël Confiant, writer and academic
- Léon Damas, writer
- Gerty Dambury, writer, educator and theatre director from Guadeloupe
- Fatou Diome, best-selling and award-winning author of Senegalese origin
- David Diop, novelist and academic researcher in 18th-century French and Francophone African literature
- Édouard Glissant, writer
- Viktor Lazlo, singer, actress and novelist
- René Maran, poet and novelist, first black writer to win the French Prix Goncourt (in 1921)
- Daniel Maximin, poet, novelist, essayist
- Jeanne Nardal, writer, philosopher, teacher, and political commentator from Martinique
- Paulette Nardal, writer and journalist
- Marie NDiaye, writer
- Gaël Octavia, writer, playwright, film director and painter
- Daniel Picouly, author
- Gisèle Pineau, novelist, writer and former psychiatric nurse
- Claude Ribbe, writer, activist and filmmaker
- Raphaël Tardon, writer, novelist and essayist of Martinique origin
- Guy Tirolien, poet
- Joseph Zobel, author of several novels and short-stories
European / African (or Afro-Caribbean) descent
- Alexandre Dumas, writer
- Alexandre Dumas fils, writer
- Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, general in the French Revolution and father of Alexandre Dumas
- Thierry Dusautoir, rugby player
- Chevalier de Saint-Georges, composer, conductor, and violinist, master fencer and military man
- Rudy Gobert, basketball player
- Noémie Lenoir, model
- Chevalier de Meude-Monpas, French musician and composer
- Chloé Mortaud, Miss France 2009
- Anais Mali, model
- Sonia Rolland, actress, Miss France 2000
- Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, tennis player
- Gaël Monfils, tennis player
- Flora Coquerel, Miss France 2014
- Alicia Aylies, Miss France 2017
- Willy William, singer and producer
- Cindy Bruna, model
- Ciryl Gane, mixed martial artist
See also
References
Шаблон:Immigration to France Шаблон:Migration to France from Africa Шаблон:African diaspora Шаблон:Melanesia Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ René, Emile BOISNEUF (1873 - 1927) Biographie extraite du Jean Joly Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940 1946
- ↑ Pierre-Yves Lambert, "Conseillers généraux d'origine non-européenne Шаблон:Webarchive", Suffrage Universel
- ↑ Pierre-Yves Lambert, "Maires métropolitains d'origine non-européenne Шаблон:Webarchive", Suffrage Universel
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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