Английская Википедия:Blaise reaction

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Шаблон:Reactionbox The Blaise reaction is an organic reaction that forms a β-ketoester from the reaction of zinc metal with a α-bromoester and a nitrile.Шаблон:RefШаблон:RefШаблон:Ref The reaction was first reported by Edmond Blaise (1872–1939) in 1901. The final intermediate is a metaloimine, which is then hydrolyzed to give the desired β-ketoester.Шаблон:Ref

The Blaise reaction
The Blaise reaction

Bulky aliphatic esters tend to give higher yields. Steven Hannick and Yoshito Kishi have developed an improved procedure.Шаблон:Ref

It has been notedШаблон:RefШаблон:Ref that free hydroxyl groups can be tolerated in the course of this reaction, which is surprising for reactions of organometallic halides.

Mechanism

The mechanism of the Blaise reaction involves the formation of an organozinc complex with the bromine alpha to the ester carbonyl. This makes the alpha carbon nucleophilic, allowing it to attack the electrophilic carbon of the nitrile. The negative nitrile nitrogen resulting from this attack complexes with the zinc monobromide cation. The β-enamino ester (tautomer of the imine intermediate pictured above) product is revealed by work-up with 50% K2CO3 aq. If the β-ketoester is the desired product, addition of 1 M hydrochloric acid hydrolyzes the β-enamino ester to turn the enamino into a ketone, forming the β-ketoester.

Blaise Rxn Mechanism
Blaise Rxn Mechanism

See also

References

  1. Шаблон:Note Edmond E. Blaise; Compt. Rend. 1901, 132, 478.
  2. Шаблон:Note Rinehart, K. L., Jr. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 4, p. 120 (1963); Vol. 35, p. 15 (1955). (Article)
  3. Шаблон:Note Rao, H. S. P.; Rafi, S.; Padmavathy, K. Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 8037-8043. (Review)
  4. Шаблон:Note Cason, J.; Rinehart, K. L., Jr.; Thorston, S. D., Jr. J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 1594. (Шаблон:Doi)
  5. Шаблон:Note Hannick, S. M.; Kishi, Y. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 3833. (Шаблон:Doi)
  6. Шаблон:Ref Marko, I.E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, ASAP Шаблон:Doi
  7. Шаблон:Ref Wang, D.; Yue, J.-M. Synlett 2005, 2077-2079.

External links

Шаблон:Organic reactions