Английская Википедия:Bleeding order

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Шаблон:IPA notice Bleeding order is a term used in phonology to describe specific interactions of phonological rules. The term was introduced in 1968 by Paul Kiparsky.[1] If two phonological rules are said to be in bleeding order, the application of the first rule creates a context in which the second rule can no longer apply.

The opposite of this is called feeding order.

Examples

An example of this in English is the Шаблон:IPA-insertion between a voiceless alveolar fricative and a plural-z, as in Шаблон:IPA (with the underlying representation Шаблон:IPA). English also has a rule which devoices segments after voiceless consonants, as in Шаблон:IPA, with the underlying representation Шаблон:IPA). In the output form Шаблон:IPA (buses), final devoicing has not applied, because the phonological context in which this rule could have applied has gone as a consequence of the application of Шаблон:IPA-insertion. Put differently, the application order "(1) Шаблон:IPA-insertion (2) final devoicing" is a bleeding order in English.

Counterbleeding order

If two rules which would have a bleeding relationship in one order actually apply in the opposite order, the latter is called a counterbleeding order. An example of this can be seen in the pronunciation of the diminutive of the word slang ("snake") in the Dutch dialect of Kaatsheuvel: Шаблон:IPA. If [s]-insertionШаблон:Clarify had applied first, then the rule which inserts an additional Шаблон:IPA between the noun stem and the suffix Шаблон:IPA could no longer have applied and the output form would have been Шаблон:IPA. However, the rules have applied in the reverse order.

See also

Literature

  • Gussenhoven, C. & Jacobs, H. (1998). Understanding Phonology. London: Arnold.
  • Jensen, J. T. (2004).Principles of Generative Phonology: An introduction.

Amsterdam: J. Benjamins ISBN 978-90-272-7517-2.

References