Английская Википедия:Blessed sword and hat
The blessed sword (Шаблон:Lang-la, Шаблон:Lang-itШаблон:Sfnp or Шаблон:LangШаблон:Sfnp) and the blessed hat (also: ducal hat,Шаблон:Sfnp Шаблон:Lang-la or Шаблон:Lang,Шаблон:Sfnp Шаблон:Lang-itШаблон:Sfnp or Шаблон:LangШаблон:Sfnp) were a gift offered by popes to Catholic monarchs or other secular recipients in recognition of their defence of Christendom. Each pair was blessed by a pope on Christmas Eve in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. The sword was an ornate ceremonial weapon, usually large, up to Шаблон:Convert long, with the hilt embellished with the pope's coat of arms, and the blade with the pope's name. A similarly ornate scabbard and belt were added to the sword. The hat was a cylinder made of red velvet with two lappets hanging down from its top. The right-hand side of the hat was decorated with a dove representing the Holy Spirit embroidered in pearls, while a shining sun symbolizing Christ was embroidered in goldwork on the top.Шаблон:Sfnp
The earliest preserved blessed sword, now located at the Royal Armory in Madrid, was given by Pope Eugene IV to King John II of Castile in 1446. The latest preserved of the blessed swords, now at the National Museum of the Middle Ages in Paris, was blessed in 1772 by Pope Clement XIV and presented to Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller.Шаблон:Sfnp Not all recipients are known; among those whose names have been preserved, there were at least twelve emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, ten kings of France, seven kings of Poland, and six kings of Spain. Additionally, three or four blessed swords and hats were given to kings of England, two or three to kings of Scots, and three each to the kings of Hungary and Portugal. Recipients also included various princes, including heirs-apparent, archdukes, dukes, noblemen, military commanders, as well as cities and states.Шаблон:Sfnp
History
The tradition of distributing blessed swords and hats by the popes is not as old as that of another papal gift, the golden rose, but it does date back at least as far back as the 14th century. The earliest recipient of a pontifical sword and hat who is known for certain was Fortiguerra Fortiguerri, a gonfaloniere of the Republic of Lucca, who received it from Pope Urban VI in 1386. However, papal account books record payments for the manufacture of such gifts as early as 1357, and even then it seems to have been a long-established practice.Шаблон:Sfnp Some historians push the origin of the tradition even further back. According to Gaetano Moroni, Pope Innocent III presented a sword and hat to King William the Lion of the Scots in 1202.Шаблон:Sfnp Lord Twining dismissed this proposition as legendary, but accepted that the tradition originated with Pope Paul I's gift of a sword to King Pepin the Short of the Franks in 758.Шаблон:Sfnp
Starting with the pontificate of Pope Martin V (reigned 1417–1431), detailed payment records exist for the manufacture of swords and hats for every year, although the recipients are not always known. During the 15th century, popes gradually moved from the practice of presenting the swords and hats to noblemen or princes visiting Rome at Christmas time towards sending them to distant monarchs as either reward or encouragement to defend Christendom and the interests of the Catholic Church. The practice accelerated under Pope Nicholas V (r. 1447–1455), who used the gifts to promote a military alliance against the Ottoman Empire.Шаблон:Sfnp
Description
| Item | Cost |
|---|---|
| Blessed sword with scabbard and belt | |
| Blade (ready-made) | 3.00 ƒ |
| Wooden frame of the scabbard | 0.50 ƒ |
| Silver for the grip, pommel and the filigree work on the scabbard | 90.00 ƒ |
| Gilding of the sword and scabbard | 20.00 ƒ |
| Crimson lining of the scabbard | 2.00 ƒ |
| Cloth of gold for the belt | 15.00 ƒ |
| Silver for the clasp and buckle of the belt | 15.00 ƒ |
| Manufacture of the sword, scabbard and belt | 30.00 ƒ |
| Blessed hat | |
| Pearls | 35.00 ƒ |
| Ermines | 6.00 ƒ |
| Embroidery | 5.00 ƒ |
| Gold band | 5.00 ƒ |
| Manufacture of the hat | 4.00 ƒ |
| Total | Шаблон:Nowrap |
Sword
The blessed sword was always a two-handed one,Шаблон:Sfnp sometimes more than Шаблон:Convert long.Шаблон:Sfnp The hilt was made of silver and covered with elaborate repoussage in gold.Шаблон:Sfnp The pommel was decorated with the pope's coat of arms surrounded with images of the papal tiara and pallium. The blade was embellished with intricate engravings. They included an inscription running along the length of the blade, indicating the pope's name and the year of his pontificate in which he blessed the sword. The accompanying scabbard and belt were similarly sumptuous and ornate, covered in velvet and studded with precious stones,Шаблон:Sfnp and also bore the papal coat of arms. The identity of the recipient, on the other hand, was never indicated on the sword in any way. This practice stemmed from the Church's stance that the pope himself was the true defender of the faith, while the prince bestowed with the sword was merely the pontiff's armed arm.Шаблон:Sfnp The symbolic significance of the sword was connected to the papal claim to both supreme spiritual and temporal power, derived from the Biblical story of Saint Peter using a sword to protect Jesus during his arrest in the Garden of Olives.Шаблон:Sfnp
Hat
The hat had the form of a stiff high cylinder surrounded by a deep brim, which curved upwards to a point at the front. In the back hanged two lappets, similar to those in a bishop's mitre.Шаблон:Sfnp The hat was made of beaver peltШаблон:Sfnp or velvet, typically dark crimson in colour, although grey and black are also mentioned in some accounts. It was sometimes lined with ermine. A haloed dove, symbolizing the Holy Spirit, was embroidered in goldwork and adorned with pearls on the right hand side of the cylinder. On top of the hat, a shining sun with alternatively straight and wavy rays that descended towards the brim, was likewise picked out in gold thread.Шаблон:Sfnp The image of a dove symbolized the Holy Spirit protecting and guiding whoever was wearing the hat.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp The Holy Spirit together with Christ the Sun God may also be interpreted as symbolic references to God's incarnation, a mystery celebrated on Christmas, on the eve of which the hat and the sword were blessed by a pope.Шаблон:Sfnp
Ten blessed swords from the 15th century have survived to present times, and about a dozen from the 16th century, although in some cases only the blade remains, while the more valuable hilt and scabbard have been lost. The hats, made of less durable materials, have been preserved in still smaller numbers, the earliest being from the second half of the 16th century. It is even impossible to ascertain whether the hat had always accompanied the sword from the beginning of the tradition or if it was a later addition.Шаблон:Sfnp
Ceremony
Popes used to bless the sword and the hat on every Christmas Eve. The blessing took place just before the matins in a simple ceremony conducted by the pope either in one of the private chapels of the papal palace or in the sacristy of St. Peter's Basilica. The pope, vested in an alb, amice, cincture and white stole, blessed both items held before him by a kneeling chamberlain by reciting a short prayer, the earliest form of which is attributed to Sixtus IV (r. 1471–1481). Then, the pope sprinkled the sword and hat with holy water and incensed them thrice before putting on a cappa (a long train of crimson silk) and proceeding to the basilica.Шаблон:Sfnp
If the person whom the pope intended to award with the blessed sword and hat was present, he was invested with them immediately. Dressed in a surplice over his secular robes, the recipient was brought before the pope, who addressed him with Sixtus IV's brief Solent Romani pontifices, explaining the symbolism of the gift.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp It ended with the following words:
- "[...] we appoint you, holy prince, as another sword of the Holy See, which has, we declare by this fine gift, a most devout son in you, and also by this hat we declare that you are a fortification and bulwark to protect the holy Roman Church against the enemies of the Faith. Therefore, may your hand remain firm against the enemies of the Holy See and of the name of Christ, and may your right hand be lifted up, intrepid warrior, as you remove them from the earth, and may your head be protected against them by the Holy Spirit, symbolized by the pearly dove, in those things deemed worthy by the Son of God, together with the Father and the Holy Spirit. Amen."[1]
The sword was then girded over the recipient's surplice and he was dressed in a white cope. The morse of the cope was fastened on his right shoulder so as to free his arm for drawing the sword later in the ceremony. The prince kissed the pope's hand and slipper as a sign of obeisance and, with his sword and hat, joined the procession to the basilica.Шаблон:Sfnp During the matins, the recipient sang the fifth lesson,Шаблон:Sfnp beginning with the words In quo conflictu pro nobis inito, taken from the homily of Saint Leo.Шаблон:Sfnp An exception was made for emperors, who sang the seventh lesson,Шаблон:Sfnp which begins with a quote from the Biblical account of the Census of Quirinius, Exiit edictum a Caesare Augusto ut describeretur universus orbis ("In those days a decree went out from Emperor Augustus that all the world should be registered"; Luke 2:1), deemed more appropriate because of the imperial connection.Шаблон:Sfnp Before singing the lesson, the prince removed his hat and handed it to his servant, then unsheathed the sword, struck it against the ground three times, then brandished it in the air, again three times, and replaced it in the scabbard. As the matins ended, the recipient took leave of the pope and returned to his residence in Rome, preceded by a man-at-arms carrying the blessed sword and hat, and followed by cardinals, prelates, papal chamberlains, ambassadors to the Holy See, friends and retinue.Шаблон:Sfnp
If the prospective honouree was absent at the ceremony, the sword and hat, after being blessed, were carried by the chamberlain before the cross in the procession and placed on the epistle side of the altar in the basilica.Шаблон:Sfnp The gifts were then dispatched by the pope by a special emissary to present them to their intended recipient in a ceremony Шаблон:Lang (outside of the Holy See). The protocol was modelled on that prescribed for bestowing the golden rose outside Rome.Шаблон:Sfnp The emissary, entrusted with the sword and hat, instructed about the proper protocol, equipped with the pope's letter to the honouree, as well as a safe conduct pass, set out with a small retinue, usually in the spring following the blessing ceremony. When the emissary was within a day's journey from his destination, the recipient was expected to send forth a delegation to escort the emissary to his lodgings. The papal brief was delivered to the prince who then had to choose the venue and date of the ceremony. Typically, the ceremony took place on a Sunday or a major feast day in a cathedral or the major church of the town. A solemn mass was celebrated either by the emissary or by a local bishop or abbot indicated by the pope. The pope's letter was solemnly read during the mass, following which the prince received the blessed sword and hat from the hands of the celebrant. When the ceremony was over, the recipient returned to his residence in a procession, as it would happen in Rome.Шаблон:Sfnp
Recipients
| Year blessed | Year bestowed | Pope | Recipient | Image of the sword Шаблон:Nowrap | Notes | Current location | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1202 | Innocent III | William the Lion, King of Scots | Disputed | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1204 | Innocent III | Peter II, King of Aragon | Disputed | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1347 | 1347 | Clement VI | Charles IV, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | Uncertain | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1365 | 1365 | Urban V | Louis I, Duke of Anjou | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1366 | 1366 | Urban V | John I, Count of Armagnac | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1371 | 1371 | Gregory XI | Louis I, Duke of Anjou (again) | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1386 | 1386 | Urban VI | Fortiguerra Fortiguerri, Gonfaloniere of the Republic of Lucca | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1414 | Antipope John XXIII | Sigismund, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1419 | Martin V | Charles, Dauphin of France (future King Charles VII) | Uncertain | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1422 | Martin V | Louis III, King of Naples | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1432 | Eugene IV | Vladislaus II, King of Poland | Disputed | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1434 | Eugene IV | Republic of Florence | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1443 | Eugene IV | Vladislaus III, King of Poland and Hungary | Probably lost in the Battle of Varna | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1446 | Eugene IV | John II, King of Castile | Oldest preserved blessed sword | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1449 | 1450 | Nicholas V | Francesco Foscari, Doge of Venice | Blade preserved | Italy | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1450 | 1450 | Nicholas V | Albert VI, Archduke of Austria | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1454 | Nicholas V | Count of Sant'Angelo, ambassador of Naples | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1454 | 1455 | Nicholas V | Ludovico Bentivoglio, ambassador of Bologna | Sword and scabbard preserved | Italy
|
Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1456 | 1457 | Calixtus III | Charles VII, King of France | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1457 | 1458 | Calixtus III | Henry IV, King of Castile | Blade preserved | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1458 | 1459 | Pius II | Frederick III, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1459 | 1460 | Pius II | Albert III Achilles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach | Presented personally at the Council of Mantua. The sword later became the Electoral Sword (Шаблон:Lang) of Brandenburg, preserved to this day. | Germany | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1460 | 1461 | Pius II | Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1461 | 1462 | Pius II | Louis XI, King of France | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1462 | 1463 | Pius II | Cristoforo Moro, Doge of Venice | Blade preserved | Italy | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1466 | 1466 | Pius II | Skanderbeg, Lord of Albania | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | Paul II | Henry IV, King of Castile | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1468 | 1468 | Paul II | Frederick III, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1470 | 1471 | Paul II | Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1471 | Paul II | Borso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1474 | 1475 | Sixtus IV | Philibert I, Duke of Savoy | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1477 | 1477 | Sixtus IV | Alfonso, Duke of Calabria (future King Alfonso II of Naples) | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1480 | 1480 | Sixtus IV | Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1481 | 1482 | Sixtus IV | Edward IV, King of England | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1482 | 1482 | Sixtus IV | Alfonso, Duke of Calabria (future King Alfonso II of Naples, again) | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1484 | 1484 | Innocent VIII | Francesco of Aragon, ambassador of Naples | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | Innocent VIII | Ferdinand II, King of Aragon | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1486 | 1486 | Innocent VIII | Íñigo López de Mendoza y Quiñones, Count of Tendilla, ambassador of Castile and Aragon | Presented personally. Sword and scabbard preserved. | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb; Spain is Culture | |
| 1488 | 1488 | Innocent VIII | Giovanni Giacomo Trivulzio, general of the ecclesiastical army | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1491 | 1491 | Innocent VIII | William III, Landgrave of Hesse | Presented personally. Sword, scabbard and belt preserved. | Germany | Шаблон:Harvnb; Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel | |
| 1492 | 1492 | Alexander VI | Frederick, Crown Prince of Naples (future King Frederick IV) | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1493 | 1494 | Alexander VI | Maximilian I, King of the Romans | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1494 | 1494 | Alexander VI | Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria | Presented personally | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1496 | 1497 | Alexander VI | Philip the Fair, Archduke of Austria | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1497 | 1497 | Alexander VI | Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania | Presented personally. Used as part of ducal insignia by subsequent dukes of Pomerania. | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1498 | 1499 | Alexander VI | Louis XII, King of France | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1500 | Alexander VI | Cesare Borgia, Duke of Valentinois, Captain General of the Church, pope's son | Originally Cesare Borgia's private sword made during his cardinalate (1493–1498), then repurposed by his father as a blessed sword, with an additional blessing and decorations etched into the blade, and awarded back to Cesare upon his promotion to Captain General of the Church. The leather scabbard, decorated with a scene of an offering to Venus, the patron goddess of the house of Julius Caesar (Cesare Borgia's namesake), was created later during the 16th century. | Italy
United Kingdom
|
Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1501 | 1502 | Alexander VI | Alfonso d'Este, heir to the Duchy of Ferrara, pope's son-in-law | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1506 | 1507 | Julius II | James IV, King of Scots | The sword later became the Scottish Sword of State, preserved to this day together with its scabbard and belt. | United Kingdom | Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1508 | 1509 | Julius II | Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia and Hungary | Sword preserved | Hungary | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1510 | 1511 | Julius II | Switzerland | Sword preserved | Switzerland | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1513 | Leo X | Henry VIII, King of England | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1514 | Leo X | Manuel I, King of Portugal | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1515 | Leo X | Republic of Florence (again) | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1516 | Leo X | Francis I, King of France | Uncertain | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1517 | Leo X | Maximilian I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | Uncertain | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1525 | Clement VII | Sigismund I, King of Poland | Lost before 1669 | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1529 | Clement VII | Charles V, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | Blade preserved | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1536 | 1537 | Paul III | James V, King of Scots | Lost between 1542 and 1556 | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1540 | Paul III | Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland | Lost after 1795 | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1550 | Paul III | Philip, Prince of Asturias (future King Philip II of Spain) | Blade preserved | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1555 | 1558 | Paul IV | Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara | Sword preserved | Czech Republic | Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1560 | Pius IV | Philip II, King of Spain (again) | Blade preserved | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1563 | Pius IV | Carlos, Prince of Asturias | Blade preserved | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1566 | Pius V | Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, Duke of Alba | Blade preserved | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1567 | 1568 | Pius V | Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria | Sword and hat preserved | Austria | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb; Kunsthistorisches Museum | |
| 1580 | Gregory XIII | Stephen Báthory, King of Poland | Blade preserved | Poland | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1581 | 1582 | Gregory XIII | Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (again) | Sword and hat preserved | Austria | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1585 | 1586 | Sixtus V | Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza | Presented by Abbot Grimani at the abbey of Gnadenthal, Germany. Lost. | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1591 | Gregory XIV | Philip, Prince of Asturias (future King Philip III of Spain) | Blade preserved | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1594 | Clement VII | Philip III, King of Spain (again) | Blade preserved | Spain | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1618 | Paul V | Philip, Prince of Asturias (future King Philip IV of Spain) | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1625 | Urban VIII | Vladislaus Sigismund Vasa, Crown Prince of Poland (future King Vladislaus IV) | Presented personally. Blade preserved. | Sweden | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1672 | Clement X | Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland | Lost after 1673 | Шаблон:Harvnb | |||
| 1674 | (1684) | Clement X | John Sobieski, Grand Hetman of the Polish Crown (future King of Poland) | Awarded in recognition of Sobieski's victory over the Ottoman Turks in the battle of Khotyn, but not bestowed due to Sobieski's pro-French sympathies. Blade preserved (see below). | Poland | Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1683 | 1684 | Innocent XI | John III Sobieski, King of Poland (again) | Awarded in recognition of Sobieski's victory over the Ottoman Turks in the battle of Vienna. Innocent XI reused the sword and the hat originally made for Sobieski in 1674, but replaced the blade with one bearing his own name and coat of arms. The old blade was sent to Poland as well. The sword was used by Emperor Nicholas I of Russia for his coronation as King of Poland in 1829. Sword (as well as the old blade), scabbard, belt and hat preserved. | Poland | Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1689 | 1690 | Alexander VIII | Francesco Morosini, Doge of Venice | Sword with scabbard and belt preserved | Italy
|
Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1726 | Benedict XIII | Frederick Augustus, Crown Prince of Poland (future King Augustus III) | Scabbard, belt and hat preserved | Germany | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||
| 1747 | Benedict XIV | Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller | Шаблон:Harvnb | ||||
| 1772 | 1773 or 1775 | Clement XIV | Francisco Ximénez de Tejada, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller | Sent by Pius VI. Latest preserved blessed sword. | France | Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb | |
| 1823 | Leo XII | Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême | Шаблон:Harvnb |
See also
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Papal orders, decorations, and medals Шаблон:Notable swords Шаблон:Historical clothing
- ↑ Translated from Latin by Robert Levine, quoted in Шаблон:Harvtxt
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Census of Quirinius
- Diplomatic gifts
- Early Modern European swords
- European swords
- European weapons
- Medieval European swords
- Modern European swords
- Hats
- Holy See awards
- Renaissance-era swords
- 14th-century establishments in the Papal States
- 19th-century disestablishments in the Papal States
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
_Allegoria_del_Potere_Temporale_-_Gregorio_Lazzarini_-_Museo_Correr.jpg){kind=link}
