Английская Википедия:Blue Mosque, Tabriz

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other uses

Шаблон:Infobox religious building

Файл:Sunni mosque , Tabriz by Pascal Coste.jpg
The Blue Mosque as it stood in 1840 (Pascal Coste)
Файл:Blue Mosque Tabriz.jpg
exterior view of Blue Mosque, Tabriz

The Blue Mosque (Шаблон:Lang-fa)Шаблон:Sfn is a historic mosque in Tabriz, Iran. The mosque and some other public buildings were constructed in 1465 upon the order of Jahan Shah, the ruler of Kara Koyunlu.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Blue Mosque interior.jpg
vault corridors of Blue Mosque, Tabriz

The mosque was severely damaged in an earthquake in 1780,Шаблон:Sfn leaving only the iwan (entrance hall).Шаблон:Sfn Reconstruction began in 1973 by Reza Memaran Benam under the supervision of Iranian Ministry of Culture. However, it is still incomplete.

Файл:Interior of Blue Mosque, Tabriz, Iran.jpg
interior view of main hall, Blue Mosque, Tabriz, Iran

History

Файл:Blmreconstruction.jpg
Plan of the Blue Mosque reconstruction.

The Blue mosque of Tabriz was built upon the order of Jahan Shah, the ruler of the Kara Koyunlu.Шаблон:Sfn Jahan Shah's wife, Khatun Jan Begum (died 1469), established the endowment (vaqf) for the mosque's construction.Шаблон:Sfn However, just a few years later, Jahan Shah and his Kara Koyunlu were toppled by Uzun Hassan of the Ak Koyunlu, and Tabriz was taken.Шаблон:Sfn Jahan Shah's daughter, Saleha Khatun, oversaw the rest of the construction work by the new rulers.Шаблон:Sfn During the reign of Yaqub bin Uzun Hasan, "the cupola of the mosque's mausoleum as well as its main parts were completed".Шаблон:Sfn Sandra Aube adds: "A few details from the mausoleum’s interior, such as alabaster pieces from the wall panels and the main prayer niche (meḥrāb), reveal that the mausoleum was never completely finished (Golombek and Wilber, p. 407; Aube, p. 248)".Шаблон:Sfn

Though the mausoleum was never completed, when the Safavids assumed control over Tabriz and made it their capital, the Blue Mosque itself served the new rulers as a mosque during the first half of the 16th century.Шаблон:Sfn In 1514, after the Safavids were defeated at the decisive Battle of Chaldiran, the Ottomans occupied and looted Tabriz, including the Blue Mosque.Шаблон:Sfn Aube notes that at least eight carpets were looted by the Turks and taken to Istanbul.Шаблон:Sfn Aube notes that even though it is not known whether the Turks attacked the structure itself during the capture and occupation of the Blue Mosque, several earthquakes did damage the building between the 16th and 18th centuries.Шаблон:Sfn It was especially severely damaged by the earthquake of 1780.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn However, in the 17th century, the Blue Mosque was already reportedly "completely destroyed and abandoned".Шаблон:Sfn In the 19th century, the local people of Tabriz looted the building's ruins.Шаблон:Sfn In the 20th century, during the Pahlavi era, the mosque was finally rebuilt.Шаблон:Sfn

Calligraphy

The Kufic, and Thuluth scripts, the arabesque patterns, and the choramatic compositions of these facades, were created by Nematollah-ben-Mohammad-ol-Bavab, the calligrapher.

Photo gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Sfn whitelist Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Commons category-inline

Шаблон:Tabriz Monuments Шаблон:Mosques in Iran Шаблон:Tabriz landmarks Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Authority control

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