Английская Википедия:Boardman River

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox river The Boardman River (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell), also known as the Ottaway River (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell) or the Boardman–Ottaway River,[1] is a Шаблон:Convert[2] river in the northwestern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. It rises in western Kalkaska County, and flows west and north through Grand Traverse County to end in downtown Traverse City at the Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. The river's watershed drains an area of Шаблон:Convert through a combined Шаблон:Convert of river and tributaries. Additionally, the Boardman River is considered one of the top ten trout streams in Michigan.[3]

History

Файл:Robbins Bridge Traverse City.jpg
Robbins Bridge in Garfield Township, which carries Cass Road over the river, was constructed in 2016.
Файл:Boardman River - Traverse City, Michigan (22410904091).jpg
The Boardman River in downtown Traverse City
Файл:Traverse City Down Town River Walk - panoramio.jpg
The Boardman River near its mouth in downtown Traverse City; the land on the banks of the river in this location is urbanized, including some public greenspace.
Файл:BoardmanValley.jpg
Site of the former Brown Bridge Pond at Brown Bridge Quiet Area in East Bay Township; impounded from 1922 until 2012, the valley is now used as a public recreation area.

Prior to European settlement, the river was known as adaawewiziibi, roughly translating from Ojibwe as "river of trade".

In the year 1847, Captain Horace Boardman of Naperville, Illinois, purchased land at the head of Grand Traverse Bay, at a river then known as the Ottaway River.[4] With the arrival of Hannah-Lay in the 1850s, the river was colloquially, and later officially, renamed the Boardman River. Recent movements have sought to change the name of the river to its original name, either in full or abbreviated (i.e. Boardman–Ottaway River)[5][1]

Later in 1800s, as Traverse City was first being settled, the Union Street Dam was being built by the Hannah-Lay Company as a saw mill. Around this time, citizens were dumping sewage into the Boardman, which was causing severe health problems. The lake became very industrialized. The western shore of the lake was used for a log rollaway and rail yard on the Great Lakes Central Railroad, up until the early 2000s.[6] Additionally, five dams were built along the main course of the river.

Course

The Boardman River has a rather unusually-shaped path. The river rises from streams in western Kalkaska County, east of US 131. The flow is generally west–southwest to west until reaching Blair Township, where the course turns due north. Upon exiting Boardman Lake, water flows west, before turning back due east, forming a U-shape around downtown Traverse City. The river then angles northeast where it enters the west arm of Grand Traverse Bay.

Boardman Lake is a body of water on the mainstream Boardman River, about a mile upstream from Grand Traverse Bay, and adjacent to Traverse City. The lake grew in size, by about 30%, in 1867, with the completion of the Union Street Dam in Traverse City.

This lake is also a popular recreational and fishing lake.[7] It has an abundance of bluegill, largemouth bass, northern pike, smallmouth bass, sunfish, walleye, and yellow perch.[8]

Restoration

Five dams were built along the main course of the Boardman River, in upstream order: the Union Street Dam, Sabin Dam, Boardman Dam, Keystone Dam, and Brown Bridge Dam.[9] In 1961, the Keystone Dam was washed out after flooding upstream.[10] On October 6, 2012, while preparing to demolish Brown Bridge Dam, the highest on the river and largest in terms of impoundment, a temporary structure put in place to facilitate drawdown at the dam was breached, flooding the river valley.[11] In June 2014 the Michigan DEQ issued a report identifying erosion around the temporary drawdown structure as the likely cause of the failure.[12] Brown Bridge Dam removal was completed in January 2013 and resulted in the reestablishment of 2.5 miles of river channel.[9]

In 2017, Boardman Dam and its impoundment structure were demolished, along with an adjacent one-lane bridge carrying Cass Road over the river.[13][14] A new bridge for Cass Road over the new future river channel was completed the previous year. With the removal of this dam, the watercourse was realigned under the new bridge for the first time.[15]

Sabin Dam was fully removed by the end of 2018.[16] This leaves Union Street Dam as the only remaining impoundment on the main course of the Boardman River. Recently, proposals to reconstruct the Union Street Dam to allow for a more fish-friendly configuration have been proposed by the city of Traverse City.[17]

Bridges

The following road bridges lay on the main course of the river, entirely within Grand Traverse County.

Name Route Type City Location
Murchie Bridge[18] US 31/M-37/M-72 (Grandview Parkway) State highway Traverse City Шаблон:Coord
Park Street Bridge[19] Park Street City street Шаблон:Coord
North Cass Street Bridge[20] Cass Street City street Шаблон:Coord
North Union Street Bridge[21] Union Street City street Шаблон:Coord
West Front Street Bridge[22] West Front Street City street Шаблон:Coord
Trunk Line Bridge Union Street City street Шаблон:Coord
American Legion Memorial Bridge Cass Street City street Шаблон:Coord
East Eighth Street Bridge[23] East Eighth Street City street Шаблон:Coord
South Airport Road North Culverts South Airport Road (westbound) County road Garfield Township Шаблон:Coord
South Airport Road South Culverts South Airport Road (eastbound) County road Шаблон:Coord
Robbins Bridge[24] Cass Road County road Шаблон:Coord
Beitner Road Bridge[25] Beitner Road County road Blair Township Шаблон:Coord
River Road West Bridge[26] River Road County road East Bay Township Шаблон:Coord
River Road East Bridge[27] River Road County road Шаблон:Coord
Garfield Road Bridge[28] Garfield Road County road Paradise Township Шаблон:Coord
Brown Bridge Road West Bridge Brown Bridge Road County road Шаблон:Coord
Brown Bridge Road Middle Bridge Brown Bridge Road County road Union Township Шаблон:Coord
Brown Bridge Road East Bridge Brown Bridge Road County road Шаблон:Coord
Supply Road Bridge Supply Road County road Шаблон:Coord
Файл:AmericanLegionMemorialBridgeTraverseCityMI.JPG
The American Legion Memorial Bridge, which carries Cass Street over the Boardman River near downtown Traverse City.

Drainage basin

The Boardman River drains the following municipalities (italicized municipalities are those which the river drains but does not flow through):[29]

The Boardman River is also drains the following lakes:

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Шаблон:Webarchive, accessed November 21, 2011
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite map
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ theboardman.orgШаблон:Full
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Sps
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Sps
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Sps
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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