Английская Википедия:Bodach

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A Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-gd; plural Шаблон:Lang "old man; rustic, churl, lout"; Old Irish Шаблон:Lang) is a trickster or bogeyman figure in Gaelic folklore and mythology. The Шаблон:Lang "old man" is paired with the Шаблон:Lang "hag, old woman" in Irish legend.

Name

Шаблон:Lang (Old Irish also Шаблон:Lang) is the Irish word for a tenant, a serf or peasant. It is derived from Шаблон:Lang (Old Irish Шаблон:Lang) "tail, penis".

The word has alternatively been derived from both "cottage, hut" (probably a borrowing from Old Norse, as is English booth). The term Шаблон:Lang "tenant farmer" is thus equivalent to a cotter (the Шаблон:Lang of the Domesday Book); a Шаблон:Lang was a half-free peasant of a lower class. In either case, the name is formed by the addition of nominal suffix Шаблон:Lang ("connected or involved with, belonging to, having").

In modern Gaelic, Шаблон:Lang simply means "old man", often used affectionately.

In the Шаблон:Lang, one "Шаблон:Lang the Eternal" is king of Mag Mell. This name is derived from Шаблон:Lang "victorious" and unrelated to Шаблон:Lang in origin. However, the two names may have become associated by the early modern period, as Manannan is also named king of Mag Mell, and the Шаблон:Lang figure in Шаблон:Lang (17th century) is in turn identified with Manannan.

Шаблон:Lang is the reconstructed Proto-Celtic form of Old Irish Шаблон:Lang and an element in the name of the Badacsony wine region in Hungary. The name dates back to at least 1000BC but is likely much older.

In Gaelic folklore

In modern Gaelic (Scottish and Irish) folklore, the Шаблон:Lang or "old man" becomes a type of bugbear, to the point of being identified with the devil.

In the early modern (16th or 17th century) tale Шаблон:Lang, the Шаблон:Lang is identified with the Шаблон:Lang. This identification inspired Lady Gregory's tale "Manannan at Play" (Gods and Fighting Men, 1904), where Manannan makes an appearance in disguise as "a clown ... old striped clothes he had, and puddle water splashing in his shoes, and his sword sticking out naked behind him, and his ears through the old cloak that was over his head, and in his hand he had three spears of hollywood scorched and blackened."

In Scottish folklore the Шаблон:Lang comes down the chimney to kidnap naughty children, used as a cautionary tale or bogeyman figure to frighten children into good behaviour. A related being known as the Шаблон:Lang ("Old Grey Man") is considered an omen of death. In Walter Scott's novel, Waverley, Fergus Mac-Ivor sees a Шаблон:Lang, which foretells his death. In W. B. Yeats's 1903 prose version of The Hour-Glass, the character of the Fool remarks at one point during the play that a Шаблон:Lang he met upon the roadside attempted to trick him with a riddle into letting the creature near his coin.

References in popular culture

• Шаблон:Langs are seen at the beginning of Moonshine by Rob Thurman.
• Шаблон:Langs occasionally appear in Charles de Lint's books of mythic fiction.
• The term Шаблон:Lang is used to describe shadow-like or "ink like" creatures—invisible to most people—that appear at locations before disasters in the books Odd Thomas, Forever Odd, Brother Odd, Odd Hours, Odd Apocalypse, Odd Interlude, Deeply Odd, and Saint Odd by Dean Koontz. These can be seen only by Odd.
• Шаблон:Langs appear as evil goblin spearmen, in Alan Garner's fantasy novel The Moon of Gomrath, in which they have shining bald heads, bodies covered in flat locks of hair and the legs of birds.

See also

• Bodak, an undead creature in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game
• Brownie (folklore), a domestic spirit in British folklore
• Шаблон:Lang, a divine hag, a creator deity, a weather deity, and an ancestor deity in Gaelic mythology
• Wirry-cow, a bugbear or demon in Scottish folklore