Английская Википедия:Bogor Regency

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox settlement

Bogor Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bogor) is a landlocked regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia, south of DKI Jakarta. Covering an area of 2,986.20 km2, it is considered a bedroom community for Jakarta, and was home to 5,427,068 people at the 2020 census.[1] The official estimate as at mid 2022 was 5,566,838.[2] Cibinong serves as the regency seat.

The area has witnessed significant population growth. Two areas formerly within the regency have been split off as autonomous cities; on 27 April 1999, the city of Depok was unified with some neighbouring districts of Bogor Regency to form an autonomous city of Depok (independent of the regency), while Bogor city had previously been formed as an autonomous city (similarly independent of the regency). In spite of these subtractions, Bogor Regency remains the most populous regency in Indonesia.

Origin of name

There are various opinions about the birth of the name Bogor itself. One opinion states that the name Bogor comes from Arabic language, namely Baqar which means cow on the grounds that there is evidence in the form of a statue of a cow in the Bogor Botanical Gardens. Another opinion states that the name Bogor comes from the word Bokor which means palm tree stump. The opinion above has its own basis and reasons for being believed to be true by each expert.

However, based on historical records, on 7 April 1752 the word Bogor appeared in a document and it was written as "Hoofd van de Negorij Bogor", which means Head of Kampung Bogor. In the documents it is also known that the village headquarters was located within the site of the Botanical Gardens itself, which began construction in 1817.

History

In 1745, the forerunners of the Bogor community originally came from 9 settlement groups with 3 combined major groups, namely Bogor (central region), Jonggol (eastern and northern regions) and Parung (western region) which was combined by the Governor-General Dutch Indies, Baron van Inhof into the core of the Bogor Regency community unit.[3]

At that time, the Regent of Demang Wartawangsa tried to improve the quality of the environment and the welfare of the people based on agriculture by digging canals from Ciliwung River to Cimahpar and from Nanggewer to Kalimulya.[4]

In 1908 Bogor Regency was composed of five kawedanan each led by a demang, namely Buitenzorg, Jonggol, Cibinong, Parung, and Leuwiliang. Then, to facilitate district tasks, a number of under-districts were formed, each headed by an assistant demang.

The history of Bogor Regency had a close relationship with the era of the kingdom that once ruled in the region. In the previous four centuries, Sri Baduga Maharaja was known as the king who started the era of Pajajaran Kingdom, The king was famous for the teachings of his venerated ancestors who pursued prosperity. Since then successively recorded in the history of the kingdoms that once ruled in the region, namely;

  • Tarumanagara Kingdom, ruled by 12 kings. Ruled from 358 to 669.
  • Galuh Kingdom, ruled by 14 kings. Ruled from 516 to 852.
  • Kingdom of Sunda, ruled by 28 kings. Reigned from 669 to 1333.
  • Kingdom of Kawali, ruled by 6 kings. Ruled from 1333 to 1482.
  • Pajajaran Kingdom, ruled from 1482 to 1579. The inauguration of the famous king as Sri Baduga Maharaja, became a special concern. At that time it was known as the Kuwedabhakti Ceremony. held on June 3, 1482. That date would have been later designated as the Anniversary of the City of Bogor and the Regency of Bogor.

After the Proclamation of Independence, to be precise in the era of United States of Indonesia or RIS, Bogor Regency was included in the proposed State of Pasundan area, then defined as SK Wali Negeri Pasundan Nomor 12[5] which stated that in the Bogor Regency, six kawedanan would be re-established, namely;

  • Kawedanan Buitenzorg (covered Ciomas, Semplak, Kedunghalang, Tamansari, Cijeruk, Cigombong, Caringin, Ciawi, Cisarua and Megamendung Districts; as well as all modern Bogor City areas)
  • Kawedanan Cibinong (covered Cibinong, Bojonggede, Tajurhalang, Sukaraja, Citeureup, and Babakan Madang Districts)
  • Kawedanan Parung (covered Parung, Gunungsindur, Kemang, Rumpin, Rancabungur and Ciseeng Districts, and Depok City)
  • Kawedanan Jonggol (covered Jonggol, Gunung Putri, Klapanunggal, Cileungsi, Sukamakmur, Cariu, and Tanjungsari Districts)
  • Kawedanan Leuwiliang (covered Leuwisadeng, Leuwiliang, Cibungbulang, Ciampea, Pamijahan, Tenjolaya and Dramaga Districts)
  • Kawedanan Jasinga (covered Jasinga, Sukajaya, Tenjo, Parungpanjang, Nanggung, and Cigudeg Districts).
Файл:Peta Kawedanan di Bogor.png
Intended division of Bogor Regency into six areas: Kawedanan Jasinga (blue), Kawedanan Parung (orange), Kawedanan Leuwiliang (red), Kawedanan Cibinong (yellow), Kawedanan Buitenzorg (tosca), Kawedanan Jonggol (green).
This map excludes the districts transferred to neighbouring Regencies in the 1950s.

The kawedanan were never re-established. However, in the 1950s, in line with the restructuring policy of regional autonomy, particularly with regard to organization and territory, Bogor Regency lost a lot of territory. The area that lost the most territory was Kawedanan Jonggol, from which Cibarusah District and Jatisampurna District were transferred to Bekasi Regency (Jatisampurna became in turn part of the new Bekasi City when that was separated from Bekasi Regency on 16 December 1996), while Cikalongkulon District was transferred to Cianjur Regency and Pangkalan District was transferred to Karawang Regency.

In 1975, the Central Government instructed that Bogor Regency should have a Government Center in its own Regency area. On this basis, the Regional Government of Bogor Regency conducted research in several areas of Bogor Regency to become a candidate for the capital as well as to act as the center of government. Alternative locations that were to be considered included Ciawi District, Leuwiliang District, Parung District, Semplak District and Cibinong District.

The results of further research indicated that the location submitted to the Central Government for approval as a candidate for the regency capital was Rancamaya (currently a part of Bogor City). However, the Central Government considered that Rancamaya was still relatively close to the Government Center Bogor City and it was feared that it would be swallowed up by the regional expansion and development of Bogor City.

Considering the plans at that date for the establishment of Depok as a separate administrative City and for a putative Jonggol Regency, which had been discussed by the Minister of Home Affairs Amir Machmud with the Governor of West Java, the Regional Government of Bogor Regency took one alternative area, namely Kemang which was the most midpoint for the districts in Bogor Regency if the Administrative City of Depok was formed and Jonggol Regency was separated from Bogor Regency.

In the plenary session of the Bogor Regency DPRD in 1980, the village of Kemang was no longer to be considered as a candidate for the capital city of Bogor Regency. This was due to the limited availability of land owned by the district government and to minimal infrastructure, pending the debate on the formation of Jonggol Regency which is still considered raw. Finally, it was determined that the candidate for the capital city of Bogor Regency should be located in Tengah Village (now Tengah Kelurahan, in Cibinong District).

The determination of the candidate for the capital was proposed back to the Central government and received approval by Government Regulation No. 6 of 1982, which confirmed that the capital city of the Bogor Regency Government Center should be located in Tengah Village, Cibinong District. From then on, the preparation plan for the construction of the capital's Central Government began in Bogor Regency and on 5 October 1985 the groundbreaking ceremony was held by the then Regent of Bogor Regency.

Considering the vast area of Bogor Regency plus the rapid population growth which is due to the geographical location of Bogor Regency as a buffer zone for Jakarta, several debates emerged regarding regional expansion based on regional development. In 1978, the Minister of Home Affairs Amir Machmud proposed the establishment of an administrative city of Depok which would include the District of Depok as well as other districts bordering Jakarta, especially those affected by the construction of Perumnas in the region. It was planned that administrative city of Depok would be made an organized residential area for workers in Jakarta.

The Governor of West Java, Aang Kunaefi, also proposed to the Minister of Home Affairs (Amir Machmud) the establishment of an area in the former Kawedanan Jonggol which has partially been to other districts to be unified as District Level II Regions. The Jonggol area and its surroundings were considered suitable, because the area is quite large, has abundant natural wealth, and has the potential as a new residential area, industry, and tourism.

The area proposed as part of the expansion was formerly part of the territory of Kawedanan Jonggol, including, among others, the areas of Jonggol, Gunung Putri, Cileungsi and Cibubur. Also considered were areas from outside Bogor Regency (such as parts of Bekasi Regency, namely Cibarusah District and Pondok Gede District (southern area)) and part of Karawang Regency (namely Pangkalan).

In 1981, the status of Depok District was finally upgraded from district to administrative city based on Government Regulation Number 43 of 1981. Depok Administrative City was headed by the Administrative Mayor. Meanwhile, the idea of forming a separate Jonggol Regency was not implemented.[6]

In 1994, President Suharto was interested in making one of the Bogor Regency's areas, namely Jonggol District (at that time including Sukamakmur, Cariu, and Karang Tengah).[7] as the location for the new national capital to replace Jakarta, because Jonggol is located only 40 km southeast of Jakarta.

Post-reformation is in line with the policy of eliminating autonomous regions of Administrative Cities throughout Indonesia. The government through Law Number 15 of 1999 increased the status of Depok to that of a municipality. Thus Depok city was officially separated from Bogor Regency and exercised its own autonomy. Provisional plans and preparations for moving the nation's capital to Jonggol sank along with the fall of Soeharto in 1998.[7]

Geographics

Borders

It is bordered by Tangerang Regency, the cities of South Tangerang, Depok and Bekasi, and finally Bekasi Regency, all to the north, Sukabumi Regency to the south, Cianjur Regency to the southeast, and Karawang Regency to the east; it fully encircles Bogor City, although the latter is administratively independent of the regency. It is bordered by Lebak Regency (in Banten Province) to the west.

Hydrology

The Ciliwung-Cisadane river region, comprises multiple river basins, covers the regions of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, under the authority of BBWS Ciliwung-Cisadane (water resources management unit).
The Ciliwung-Cisadane river region, comprises multiple river basins, covers the regions of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, under the authority of BBWS Ciliwung-Cisadane (water resources management unit).

The area of Bogor Regency encompasses several river basins and serves as the upper part for some river basins, including the Bekasi basin (Bekasi river), Ciliwung basin (Ciliwung river), Angke basin (Angke river), and Cisadane basin (Cisadane river). Many of the tributaries within these river basins originate in the Bogor Regency area. Their flows merge into larger streams, ultimately flowing and emptying into Jakarta Bay.[8]

Demographics

In the 2010 census the regency (minus the autonomous cities) counted 4,770,744 people, of which 2,450,426 were male.[9] The 2020 census showed this had grown to 5,427,068,[1] and the official estimate for mid 2022 showed this had risen to 5,566,838.[2] The regency is the most populous in Indonesia, with a population of 5,566,838, which roughly the same size as the population of Finland. Given that the regency covers 2,986.20 km2 after the separation of Bogor and Depok cities, the density in 2022 stands at 1,864 people per km2.[10]

Шаблон:Stack begin Шаблон:Historical populations Шаблон:Stack end

Cibinong is its capital.

The Dutch name of the regency was "Regentschap Buitenzorg".

Ethnic groups

Based on official data from Badan Pusat Statistik for Bogor Regency for mid 2022, the population of Bogor Regency was 5,566,838 people, with a density of 1,864 people/km2.[11] Bogor Regency is an administrative area at the level of Regency with the largest population in West Java and even in Indonesia. The original inhabitants of Bogor Regency and West Java are generally Sundanese. Another ethnic group that is quite prominent is the Javanese, who are immigrants from the middle and east of Java Island, and some Betawi people, and also other immigrant ethnic groups including the Cirebonese, Batak, Tionghoa, Minangkabau, Bantenese.

Data 2000 Indonesian Population Census, the following is the population size of Bogor Regency based on ethnicity;[12]

No. Ethnic groups Population (2000) %
1 Sundanese 2,928,415 83,62%
2 Javanese 224,037 6,40%
3 Betawi 162,529 4,64%
4 Batak 22,053 0,63%
5 Minangkabau 17,445 0,50%
6 Tionghoa 9,123 0,26%
7 Bantenese 1,995 0,06%
8 Cirebonese 1,939 0,05%
9 Other ethnicity 134,562 3,84%
Bogor Regency 3,502,098 100%

Languages

The majority of Sundanese is spoken by residents in the southern districts bordering Bogor City and Cianjur Regency and the western districts of Bogor Regency which border Lebak Regency. Meanwhile, the Betawi Language is spoken in almost all districts bordering Bekasi City, Bekasi Regency, Depok City, South Tangerang and Tangerang Regency where this language is used.

Nature reserves (cagar alam)

Within Bogor Regency the following nature reserves exist:

Administration

Bogor Regency comprises 40 districts (Kecamatan), listed below with their areas and populations at the 2010 census[9] and the 2020 census,[1] together with the mid 2022 official estimates.[2] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 416 rural desa and 19 urban kelurahan), and their postal code(s).

Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
2010
census		 Pop'n
2020
census		 Pop'n
mid 2022
Estimate		 Admin
centre		 No.
of
villages		 Post
code
32.01.29 Ciomas 18.65 149,167 170,486 174,901 Pagelaran 11 (a) 16610
32.01.31 Tamansari 34.32 91,985 108,913 112,500 Tamansari 8 16611
31.01.28 Cijeruk 47.92 78,634 91,662 94,395 Cipelang 9 16740
32.01.38 Cigombong 96.07 88,309 97,651 99,541 Cigombong 9 16110
32.01.27 Caringin 47.16 114,229 131,012 134,496 Cimande Hilir 12 16730
32.01.24 Ciawi 77.55 102,994 114,853 117,268 Bendungan 13 16720
32.01.25 Cisarua 47.07 112,655 127,096 130,060 Leuwimalang 10 (b) 16750
32.01.26 Megamendung 73.97 96,887 107,137 109,211 Sukamaju 12 16770
32.01.04 Sukaraja 62.43 173,245 206,323 213,359 Cimandala 13 16711
32.01.05 Babakan Madang 43.76 103,049 114,641 116,997 Babakan Mandang 9 16810
32.01.09 Sukamakmur * 92.38 74,578 85,565 87,846 Sukamakmur 10 16831
32.01.08 Cariu * 170.17 46,186 51,619 52,727 Cariu 10 16840
32.01.36 Tanjungsari * 85.43 50,014 57,027 58,477 Tanjungsari 10 16841
32.01.06 Jonggol * 158.86 122,697 143,512 147,889 Jonggol 14 16830
32.01.07 Cileungsi * 73.31 276,369 288,347 297,177 Cileungsi 12 16820
32.01.32 Klapanunggal *
(Kelapa Nunggal)		 70.57 95,025 127,561 135,003 Kembang Kuning 9 16710
32.01.02 Gunung Putri * 60.87 329,918 297,724 297,998 Wanaherang 10 16960
- 16969
32.01.03 Citeureup 68.81 198,380 214,668 217,909 Puspanegara 14 (c) 16811
32.01.01 Cibinong
(capital)		 46.62 326,519 363,424 370,928 Cirimekar 13 (d) 16911
- 16918
32.01.13 Bojong Gede 28.34 236,486 287,554 298,558 Bojonggede 9 (e) 16920 (f)
32.01.37 Tajurhalang 30.78 97,255 123,454 129,250 Tajurhalang 7 16320
32.01.12 Kemang 33.61 92,401 104,872 107,443 Kemang 9 (a) 16310
32.01.34 Rancabungur 22.67 50,052 60,711 63,004 Rancabungur 7 16311
32.01.10 Parung 25.74 112,529 123,078 125,195 Parung 9 16330
32.01.33 Ciseeng 41.29 98,227 110,592 113,127 Cibentang 10 16120
32.01.11 Gunung Sindur 49.39 102,998 126,834 132,011 Gunungsindur 10 16340
Totals Central
and East Bogor		 1,667,74 3,370,791 3,836,676 3,937,268 269
32.01.21 Nanggung 159.30 84,015 98,492 101,540 Parakan Muncang 11 16650
32.01.14 Leuwiliang 91.03 113,280 124,670 126,967 Leuwimekar 11 16640
32.01.39 Leuwisadeng 35.40 70,847 77,382 78,692 Leuwisadeng 8 16641
32.01.17 Pamijahan 124.86 133,871 157,113 162,011 Gunungsari 15 16812
32.01.16 Cibungbulang 38.45 125,177 145,706 150,009 Cimanggu 2 15 16630
32.01.15 Ciampea 33.04 147,130 168,359 172,759 Bojongrangkas 13 16620
32.01.40 Tenjolaya 41.35 54,887 63,645 65,478 Tapos I 7 16371
32.01.30 Dramaga 25.29 100,679 110,374 112,323 Dramaga 10 16680
32.01.18 Rumpin 136.84 129,150 146,007 149,472 Rumpin 14 16350
32.01.22 Cigudeg 177.61 117,278 133,931 137,378 Cigudeg 15 16660
32.01.35 Sukajaya 156.18 55,671 66,922 69,329 Sukajaya 11 16661
32.01.19 Jasinga 144.54 93,078 106,343 109,089 Pamagersari 16 16670
32.01.23 Tenjo 83.22 66,077 73,272 74,731 Singabraja 9 16370
32.01.20 Parung Panjang 71.34 110,004 118,176 119,792 Parungpanjang 11 16360
Totals West Bogor 1,318.45 1,401,144 1,590,392 1,629,570 Cibinong 166


Notes: (a) including the kelurahan of Padasuka. (b) including the kelurahan of Cisarua. (c) includes the 2 kelurahan of Karang Asem Barat and Puspanegara.
(d) comprises all 13 kelurahan of (Cibinong, Cirimekar, Ciriung, Harapan Jaya, Karadenan, Nanggewer, Nanggewer Mekar, Pabuaran, Pabuaran Mekar, Pakansari, Pondok Rajeg, Sukahati and Tengah).
(e) including the kelurahan of Pabuaran. (f) apart from kelurahan of Pabuaran (which has post code of 16921), and desa of Bojonggede (16922) and Kedung Waringin (16923). (g) including the kelurahan of Atang Senjaya.

The westernmost fourteen districts proposed in 2013 to be split off to form the new West Bogor Regency are those listed last in the table above. The twenty-six districts in the east of the Regency (which would remain part of Bogor Regency) are listed first in the table. However, plans are under discussion to also split off the seven easternmost districts (indicated by asterisks in the left-hand columns) to form a new East Bogor Regency with a combined population (in mid 2022) of 1,077,117; this would equate to the former proposal to create a separate Jonggol Regency which were dropped in 1998.

The above table excludes the independent city of Bogor, whose component districts are listed below with their populations according to the mid-2022 official estimates:[15]

  • Bogor Selatan (208,774)
  • Bogor Timur (106,234)
  • Bogor Utara (190,085)
  • Bogor Tengah (96,262)
  • Bogor Barat (238,318)
  • Tanah Sareal (223,840)
  • Total City (1,063,513)

Sports

Файл:Pakansari Stadium Bogor Indonesia.jpg
Pakansari Stadium seen from the front.

Bogor Regency has good sports facilities.[16] In Bogor Regency, there are also several Sports Center located in Cibinong or other districts.[17] Besides Sports Center, Bogor Regency also has several stadiums, for example Pakansari Stadium and Persikabo Stadium are stadiums which is located in the administrative center of Bogor Regency, namely Cibinong.[18][19]

The association football team representing Bogor Regency in Liga 1 is Persikabo 1973 which was formed after the merger of PS TIRA and Persikabo Bogor.[20] The women's football club in Bogor Regency is Persikabo Kartini which is a women's team from Persikabo 1973.[21] Persikabo 1973 has several support groups, for example, Kabomania and Ultras Persikabo Curva Sud.[22]

Bogor Regency also has representatives in Proliga which is the highest division in the volleyball competition in Indonesia, namely Bogor LavAni which is a team founded by former president of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on 1 December 2019, and made his debut in 2022 and won the title in his first season. The team is based in LavAni Sports Center, Gunung Putri.[23]

Tourism

In Sukajadi village, Tamansari district there are three waterfalls which can be easily reached by local tourists using Angkot 03 from Bogor to Ciapus in about 45 minutes. They are Curug (Waterfall) Daun, Curug Nangka and Curug Kawung. About 8 kilometers from the gate there is another waterfall in Gunung Malang village, Gunung Malang district. The Curug Luhur falls are 50 meters high and easily accessible.[24]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Kabupaten Bogor Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3201)
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Sejarah Kabupaten Bogor Шаблон:Webarchive kemendagri.go.id
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web BPS, Hasil Sensus Pendudukan 2010
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (BPLHD) Шаблон:Webarchive
  14. ↑ Whitten et al. (1996): The ecology of Java and Bali, Oxford University Press, Шаблон:ISBN
  15. ↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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