Английская Википедия:Bolton–Dickens feud

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Файл:Wade H. Bolton (1811–1869) Memphis Commercial Appeal illustration 1898.jpg

Portrait of Wade H. Bolton published in the Memphis Commercial Appeal, 1898

The Bolton–Dickens feud was a bloody conflict in Tennessee in the United States from 1856 to 1870. The principals were former business partners in the extensive multi-state slave trading firm, Bolton, Dickens & Co.Шаблон:Efn In what amounted to a West Tennessee gangland war, as many as 19 people were ultimately killed, including several unidentified former slaves. The conflict began when Isaac Bolton killed another slave trader over a business deal gone bad. When the cost of getting him acquitted was put into the Bolton & Dickens business accounts, Thomas Dickens protested fiercely and the firm was ultimately dissolved. Following the American Civil War, as various parties requested in court that firm's accounts be settled and remaining funds distributed, tensions rose again. There was a raid on Thom Dickens' house in which two of his servants were killed. Then Thom Dickens walked up to Wade H. Bolton in broad daylight and shot him. Dickens was acquitted at trial, but was himself shot and killed a year later by persons unknown. Dickins' son died shortly thereafter under unclear circumstances, effectively concluding the violence.

Conflict

Файл:Nashville Union and American Thu Jul 29 1869.jpg

Column five of Nashville Union and American for July 29, 1869 recounts recent events in the bloody feud

Bolton was ultimately acquitted of the crime (reportedly in part thanks to bribing jurors), and then paid his legal expenses out of the business, which was not good for the profits of his partners, and that kicked off the feud, as Tom Dickins felt he was suffering unfairly for Bolton's legal troubles. The defense of Bolton reportedly cost between Шаблон:USD and Шаблон:USD. There were plans to resolve matters by shotgun duel but then the American Civil War broke out and such matters were tabled for the duration.

Sometime between the dissolution of the firm (Шаблон:Circa) and the end of the American Civil War, Isaac Bolton and Washington Bolton died of unremarkable causes. The widow of Washington Bolton sought to have the finances of the firm sorted out so that she could be paid her share of the value. This stoked the smoldering resentments of Dickins against Wade H. Bolton. In 1867, "two ex-slaves" who had once been the legal property of Wade H. Bolton were murdered, and their dead bodies were left to be found "by the roadside" in order to send a message from Dickins to Bolton. In approximately 1868, a man named James "Green" Wilson and female servant, Nancy Dickens, were shot and killed during a nighttime raid on Thom Dickins' house. Thom Dickins and Robert Humphreys survived the attack on the house.

Wade H. Bolton and E.C. Patterson (a son-in-law of Isaac Bolton and supposedly a cousin to U.S. Representative Thomas Patterson) were charged with shooting and killing Nancy through the window. In 1869, two men, Inman and Morgan, believed to be involved in the murders of Nancy Dickins and James Wilson "were tracked into a cave in North Alabama and killed."

On July 14, 1869, Tom Dickins shot Wade H. Bolton in downtown Memphis. Bolton died a week later from his injuries. On July 30, 1870, Tom Dickins was killed in the Hatchie bottom, a short distance from Memphis. He was killed with two shotgun blasts heard from a distance; his horse returned to the stable covered in blood. Dickins' killer was never identified. Two weeks later Dickins' son Samuel Dickins was bushwhacked and killed at the same place. According to a different account, Samuel Dickins was not murdered, but on October 11, 1870, committed suicide by shotgun on the site of his father's murder.

Feud-associated casualties

Файл:W H Bolton Headstone.JPG

Wade H. Bolton monument at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis

1. James McMillin
2. Wade H. Bolton, shot by Tom Dickins with an "ivory-mounted repeater" in Court Square, died several days later July 23, 1869
3. Thomas Dickins, killed by shotgun blast by unidentified assassin
4. Nancy Dickens, killed spring 1869, during a home invasion at Dickens' house, 12 miles north of Memphis; described as a "trusted family servant of Dickens' for fifteen years" and "an octaroon, who was housekeeper and cook for Col. Dickens" "the colored girl in running across the yard, screaming for help, was shot down and killed" per coroner at trial the dead bodies were half a mile from the house shot and stabbed to death "wounds so numerous I cannot describe them"
5. James or Green or Greene Wilson, killed at Big Creek same time as Nancy Dickens shot and stabbed multiple times
6. Morgan
7. James Inman (his brother Henderson Inman was injured and taken prisoner at the same time) killed outside a cavern near Russellville, Alabama

See also

• History of slavery in Tennessee
• History of Memphis, Tennessee