Английская Википедия:Bombing of Fukuoka
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox military conflict The Japanese city of Fukuoka was attacked by United States Army Air Forces Boeing B-29 Superfortress heavy bombers on 19 June 1945. This operation formed part of the Allied Air raids on Japan, and destroyed 21.5 percent of the city. B-29s also dropped naval mines near Fukuoka harbor on seven occasions between May and July 1945, and the city was attacked twice by American fighter aircraft.
19 June 1945 raid
The single bombing raid on Fukuoka formed part of a campaign by the USAAF's XXI Bomber Command targeting medium-sized Japanese cities which began in mid-June 1945 and continued until the end of the war. These attacks used firebombing tactics to destroy the cities, and were conducted as a follow-on from raids which had devastated most of Japan's major cities. Fukuoka, with a population of 323,200, was the largest city targeted in this campaign.Шаблон:Sfn Most of these raids were conducted by a single wing of B-29s, which allowed XXI Bomber Command to attack four cities a night. However, Fukuoka and Ōmuta (on 26 July) were targeted by two wings due to their size.Шаблон:Sfn
The 73rd and 313rd Bombardment Wings were assigned to attack Fukuoka. These units dispatched a total of 239 B-29s. Of these, 223 bombed the primary target. Another four bombed targets of opportunity in Tomitaka, Chichijima, Miyazaki and Fukuoka. All of the B-29s returned to base.Шаблон:Sfn
On 20 June, four American B-29 airmen who were being held as prisoners of war at Fukuoka were murdered by Japanese soldiers. These killings were motivated by the casualties and damage caused by the raid and a belief among the personnel involved that Japan would soon be invaded.Шаблон:Sfn Another 29 captured American airmen were murdered at Fukuoka in August 1945.Шаблон:Sfn
Minelaying
Fukuoka harbor was targeted as part of a large-scale aerial minelaying campaign.Шаблон:Sfn The first minelaying operation targeting the harbor took place on 25 May 1945. 15 B-29s from the 9th Bombardment Group were dispatched, of which 14 laid mines. All of the bombers returned to base.Шаблон:Sfn The 9th Bombardment Group dropped further mines off Fukuoka harbor on 27 May.Шаблон:Sfn
Fukuoka harbor was targeted again in June. On 7 June, ten B-29s of the 505th Bombardment Group were dispatched, and six laid mines.Шаблон:Sfn Eight 505th Bombardment Group aircraft dropped further mines off the city on 15 June.Шаблон:Sfn The 505th Bombardment Group struck again on 23 June, with nine B-29s laying mines. One of these aircraft was lost during the operation.Шаблон:Sfn
Further operations were conducted in July. On 13 July, three B-29s of the 6th Bombardment Group were dispatched to lay mines near Fukuoka harbor. Historian Robert Mann has written that it is not known how many of these aircraft dropped mines.Шаблон:Sfn Another minelaying operation was conducted by six B-29s from the 504th Bombardment Group on 29 July, but Mann also notes that the number which actually dropped mines is not known.Шаблон:Sfn
Other operations
Fukuoka was attacked twice by USAAF fighter aircraft. On 23 June, Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters from the Seventh Air Force attacked an airfield at Hakata in Fukuoka.Шаблон:Sfn North American P-51 Mustang fighters of the Fifth Air Force attacked Fukuoka harbor on 3 July. The fighters destroyed several floatplanes.Шаблон:Sfn
On 17 July a B-29 from the 39th Bombardment Group conducted a radar reconnaissance mission against Fukuoka.Шаблон:Sfn
Results
The 19 June raid destroyed Шаблон:Convert of Fukuoka's urban area, representing 21.5 percent of the city.Шаблон:Sfn Wartime Japanese reports stated that 953 people were killed in all the attacks on Fukuoka.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
References
Citations
Works consulted
- Английская Википедия
- Japan campaign
- World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre
- World War II strategic bombing of Japan
- June 1945 events in Asia
- Battles of World War II involving Japan
- 1945 in Japan
- Firebombings in Japan
- Events in Fukuoka
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