Английская Википедия:Booby

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Pp-semi-indef Шаблон:Automatic taxobox Шаблон:Cladogram

A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula, part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (Morus), which were formerly included in Sula.

Systematics and evolution

The genus Sula was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760.[1] The type species is the brown booby.[2] The name is derived from súla, the Old Norse and Icelandic word for the other member of the family Sulidae, the gannet.[3]

The English name "booby" was possibly based on the Spanish slang term bobo, meaning "stupid",[4] as these tame birds had a habit of landing on board sailing ships, where they were easily captured and eaten. Owing to this, boobies are often mentioned as having been caught and eaten by shipwrecked sailors, notably William Bligh of the Bounty and his adherents during their famous voyage after being set adrift by Fletcher Christian and his followers.

Six of the ten extant Sulidae species called boobies are in the genus Sula, while the three gannet species are usually placed in the genus Morus.[5] Abbott's booby was formerly included in Sula but is now placed in a monotypic genus Papasula, which represents an ancient lineage perhaps closer to Morus. Some authorities consider that all ten species should be considered congeneric in Sula. However, they are readily distinguished by means of osteology. The distinct lineages of gannets and boobies are known to have existed in such form, since at least the Middle Miocene, c.Шаблон:Tsp15Шаблон:Nbsmya.[6]

The fossil record of boobies is not as well documented as that of gannets, either because booby speciation was lower from the late Miocene to the Pliocene (when gannet diversity was at its highest), or because the booby fossil species record is as yet incomplete, due to most localities being in continental North America or Europe despite boobies' more tropical distribution.

Behaviour

Шаблон:See also

Boobies hunt fish by diving from a height into the sea and pursuing their prey underwater. Facial air sacs under their skin cushion the impact with the water. Boobies are colonial breeders on islands and coasts. They normally lay one or more chalky-blue eggs on the ground or sometimes in a tree nest. Selective pressures, likely through competition for resource, have shaped the ecomorphology and foraging behaviours of the six species of boobies in the Pacific.[7]

List of species

Common name Scientific name IUCN Red List Status Distribution Picture
Blue-footed booby Sula nebouxii
Milne-Edwards, 1882
Шаблон:IUCN status[8] Файл:Blaufußtoelpel (Sula nebouxii) world2.png Файл:Blue-footed-booby.jpg
Brown booby Sula leucogaster
(Boddaert, 1783)
Шаблон:IUCN status[9] Файл:Sula leucogaster, verspreidingskaart met subspp, a.png Файл:Atobá-pardo.jpg
Masked booby Sula dactylatra
Lesson, 1831
Шаблон:IUCN status[10] Файл:Suladactylatrargemap.png Файл:Starr 080606-6808 Coronopus didymus.jpg
Nazca booby Sula granti
Rothschild, 1902
Шаблон:IUCN status[11] Файл:Sula granti map.svg Файл:Nazca-Booby.jpg
Peruvian booby Sula variegata
(Tschudi, 1843)
Шаблон:IUCN status[12] Файл:Sula variegata map.svg Файл:Fou.varie1.jpg
Red-footed booby Sula sula
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Шаблон:IUCN status[13] Файл:Sula sula map.svg Файл:Sula sula by Gregg Yan 01.jpg

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Suliformes Шаблон:Suliformes Genera Шаблон:Taxonbar Шаблон:Authority control