Английская Википедия:Borvo
Шаблон:Short description Borvo or Bormo (Gaulish: *Borwō, Bormō) was an ancient Celtic god of healing springs worshipped in Gauls and Gallaecia.[1]Шаблон:Sfn He was sometimes identified with the Graeco-Roman god Apollo, although his cult had preserved a high degree of autonomy during the Roman period.[2]
Name
Шаблон:Wiktionary The Gaulish theonym Boruō means 'hot spring', 'warm source'. It stems from the Proto-Celtic verbal root *berw- ('boil, brew'; cf. Old Irish berbaid, Middle Welsh berwi), itself from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw- ('boil, brew'; cf. Latin ferueō 'to be intensely hot, boil', Sanskrit bhurváni 'agitated, wild').Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Bhearú river (River Barrow) in Ireland has also been linked to this Celtic root.[3]
The variant Bormō could have emerged from a difference in suffixes or from dissimilation.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Known derivates include Bormanicus (Caldas de Vizela), from an earlier *Borwānicos, and Bormanus or Borbanus (Aix-en-Diois, Aix-en-Provence), from an earlier *Borwānos.Шаблон:Sfn[4] A goddess named Boruoboendoa, perhaps reflecting the Gaulish theonym *Buruo-bouinduā or *Buruo-bō-uinduā, has also been found in Utrecht.Шаблон:Sfn
The toponyms Bourbon-l'Archambault, Bourbon-Lancy, Bourbonne-les-Bains, Boulbon, Bormes, Bourbriac, La Bourboule and Worms are derived from Borvo or from its variant Bormo.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The names of various small rivers in France, such as Bourbouillon, Bourban, and Bourbière, also stem from the theonym.Шаблон:Sfn
Centres of worship
In Gaul, he was particularly worshipped at Bourbonne-les-Bains, in the territory of the Lingones, where ten inscriptions are recorded. Two other inscriptions are recorded, one (CIL 13, 02901) from Entrains-sur-Nohain[5] and the other (CIL 12, 02443) from Aix-en-Savoie in Gallia Narbonensis.[6] Votive tablets inscribed ‘Borvo’ show that the offerers desired healing for themselves or others.[7] Many of the sites where offerings to Borvo have been found are in Gaul: inscriptions to him have been found in Drôme at Aix-en-Diois, Bouches-du-Rhône at Aix-en-Provence, Gers at Auch, Allier at Bourbon-l'Archambault, Savoie at Aix-les-Bains, Saône-et-Loire at Bourbon-Lancy, in Savoie at Aix-les-Bains, Haute-Marne at Bourbonne-les-Bains and in Nièvre at Entrains-sur-Nohain.[8]
Findings have also been uncovered in the Netherlands at Utrecht,[9] where he is called Boruoboendua Vabusoa Labbonus, and in Portugal at Vizela and at Idanha-a-Velha, where he is called Borus and identified with Mars.[8] At Aix-en-Provence, he was referred to as Borbanus and Bormanus but at Vizela in Portugal, he was hailed as Bormanicus,[8] and at Burtscheid and at Worms in Germany as Borbetomagus.
Divine entourage
Borvo was frequently associated with a divine consort, usually Damona (Bourbonne, Bourbon-Lancy), but sometimes also Bormana when he was worshipped by the name Bormanus (Die, Aix-en-Diois).[10]Шаблон:Sfn Bormana was in some areas worshipped independently of her male counterpart, such as at Saint-Vulbas.[11]Шаблон:Sfn
Borvo bore similarities to the goddess Sirona, who was also a healing deity associated with mineral springs.[12] According to some scholars, Sirona may have been his mother.[10]
In other areas, Borvo's partner is the goddess Bormana. Bormana was, in some areas, worshipped independently of her male counterpart.[13] Gods like Borvo, and others, equated with Apollo, presided over healing springs, and they are usually associated with goddesses, as their husbands or sons.[14] He is found in Drôme at Aix-en-Diois with Bormana and in Saône-et-Loire at Bourbon-Lancy and in Haute-Marne at Bourbonne-les-Bains with Damona but he is accompanied by the ‘candid spirit’ Candidus in Nièvre at Entrains-sur-Nohain.[8] In the Netherlands at Utrecht as Boruoboendua Vabusoa Lobbonus, he is found in the company of a Celtic Hercules, Macusanus and Baldruus.[8]
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
Шаблон:Celtic mythology (ancient)
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, s.v. Borvo.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL), 13: Tres Galliae et Germanae.
- ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL), 12: Gallia Narbonensis.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Garrett S. Olmsted, "The gods of the Celts and the Indo-Europeans", page 427
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Harvnb, s.v. Borvo.
- ↑ Miranda Green. Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend. Thames and Hudson Ltd. London. 1997
- ↑ Paul-Marie Duval. 1957-1993. Les dieux de la Gaule. Presses Universitaires de France / Éditions Payot. Paris.
- ↑ Miranda Green. Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend. Thames and Hudson Ltd. London. 1997
- ↑ The Religion of the Ancient Celts: Chapter XII. River and Well Worship
