Английская Википедия:Boso, Margrave of Tuscany
Boso (Шаблон:Lang-it; died after 940?) was a Burgundian nobleman who spent much of his career in Italy, where he became Margrave of Tuscany about 932. He ruled semi-autonomously and was a benefactor of the churches of his region. He lost his office in 936 and probably returned to Burgundy.
Years in Provence
Boso was the second son of Count Theobald of Arles and Bertha, illegitimate daughter of King Lothair II.Шаблон:Sfn His elder brother Hugh was born in 880/1.Шаблон:Sfn His family belonged to the highest ranks of the aristocracy of the Carolingian Empire and were related by marriage to the Carolingian dynasty and the Bosonids, the ruling family of Provence.Шаблон:Sfn
After Theobald's death (895), Boso's mother remarried to Adalbert the Rich, then margrave of Tuscany.Шаблон:Sfn Boso and Hugh inherited their father's counties. After the Emperor Louis III was blinded by his foes in 905, Hugh assumed the regency in Provence and the county of Arles, while Boso took over the county of Avignon.Шаблон:Sfn In 907, Hugh and Boso entered Italy with an army in support of their mother.Шаблон:Efn In 926, after Hugh had become King of Italy, he appointed Boso regent of Provence.Шаблон:Sfn In 931 he brought Boso to Italy at the same time as he made his son, Lothair, co-ruler in order to strengthen his position against the powerful margrave Lambert of Tuscany.Шаблон:Sfn Lambert was the reputed son of Adalbert and Bertha and half-brother of Hugh and Boso. According to Liutprand of Cremona, the rumours of the time had it that Bertha, unable to conceive, in order to safeguard her second husband's succession, had feigned pregnancy and presented as her own two sons, Lambert and Guy, who were actually the children of others.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
Early years in Italy
In his earliest documented presence in Italy, Boso is found intervening on behalf of the Patriarchate of Aquileia on 17 October 931.Шаблон:Sfn The first document recording his rank of "margrave" (marchio) dates to 1 July 932, when he persuaded the king to make a donation to the church of Saint Martin in Lucca.Шаблон:Sfn
According to Liutprand of Cremona, when Hugh forbade Lambert of Tuscany to call himself a half-brother of the king, the margrave challenged Hugh to a judicial duel, which he won. In order to obtain the march of Tuscany for himself, Boso convinced Hugh to arrest Lambert; who was subsequently blinded in prison.Шаблон:Sfn A more likely explanation than Liutprand's is that Lambert refused give up his quasi-independence and as a result Tuscany was taken from him.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Margrave of Tuscany
Few notices from Boso's rule in Tuscany have survived. Most deal with his interventions with the king on behalf of the churches of Lucca and Arezzo.Шаблон:Sfn The last reference to Boso as margrave of Tuscany comes from 17 September 936, when he sent representatives to oversee an exchange of property by the diocese of Lucca.Шаблон:Sfn Later that year, Hugh removed his brother from the march and placed his own illegitimate son, Hubert, there instead.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Liutprand claims that Boso was arrested on suspicion of plotting against the king at the instigation of his wife, Willa of Burgundy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn Another possible explanation is that he continued to act as autonomously as Lambert had and Hugh removed him in favour of a more pliant margrave.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Boso had married his daughter Willa, named for her mother, to Berengar of Ivrea, one of the most powerful margraves in the kingdom. This aristocratic axis may have seemed like a threat to Hugh, precipitating Boso's downfall.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Later years
In 940 a certain "illustrious count Boso" (inclitus comes Boso) made a donation to the monastery of Saint-Barnard-de-Romans. This is probably the same person as the margrave of Tuscany, since the monastery is known to have been patronised by Hugh and there were family possessions in the region.Шаблон:Sfn By his wife, Willa, perhaps a daughter of Rudolph I of Upper Burgundy, Boso left behind four daughters: Richilda, Gisla, Willa and Bertha. This last married first Boso, son of Duke Richard of Burgundy, and second Raymond, the duke of Aquitaine.Шаблон:Sfn It was to her that Hugh bequeathed his huge personal wealth and his Provençal possessions.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
References
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