Английская Википедия:Boston Municipal Court

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox court

The Boston Municipal Court (BMC), officially the Boston Municipal Court Department of the Trial Court, is a department of the Trial Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. The court hears criminal, civil, mental health, restraining orders, and other types of cases. The court also has an appellate division (composed of justices that sit in rotating panels of three) which reviews questions of law that arise from civil matters filed in the eight divisions of the department.

History

Boston Police Court and Justices' Court for the County of Suffolk

The court's history dates to 1822, the year in which Boston was chartered as a city. Two courts were established, both served by the same judges: the Boston Police Court, to hear criminal matters, and the Justices' Court for the County of Suffolk, to address civil claims. The two courts remained distinct until 1860 when the Justices' Court was abolished, and its civil jurisdiction transferred to the Police Court.[1]

Municipal Court of the City of Boston/Boston Municipal Court Department

In 1866, the Police Court was abolished, and its records and jurisdiction transferred to the newly created Municipal Court of the City of Boston.[1] In 1978, the Massachusetts Court Reform Act established the Boston Municipal Court Department as one of the seven departments of the Trial Court of Massachusetts.[2] In 2003, the department expanded to eight divisions, after it was given authority by the Massachusetts Legislature over seven other Boston-based courts.[3]

Probation pioneer

The Boston Police Court has the distinction of participating in the initial development of the modern concept of probation in the United States. In 1841 John Augustus, the "Father of Probation", persuaded a judge in the Police Court to give him custody of a convicted "common drunkard" for a brief period. The offender was ordered to appear in court three weeks later for sentencing. He returned to court accompanied by Augustus a sober man, his appearance and demeanor dramatically changed. The judge was so impressed with his sober and dignified appearance that he waived the usual penalty of 30 days in jail and instead levied a fine of one cent plus court costs ($3.76).[4]

Augustus thus began an 18-year career as a volunteer probation officer, subsequently credited with founding the investigations process, one of three main concepts of modern probation, the other two being intake and supervision. Augustus was also the first to apply the term "probation" to his method of treating offenders from the Latin verb "probare": to prove, to test.[5]

In 1878 a law was passed by the legislature authorizing the Mayor of Boston to appoint a probation officer for Suffolk County.[6] The continued success of the system led to its extension to district and police courts in other towns and cities in the state. In 1898 a law was passed extending the probation system by authorizing the appointment of probation officers by the Superior Court.[6]

Jurisdiction

The jurisdiction of the court is within Suffolk County, Massachusetts, and the types of criminal cases that may be filed include most felonies and misdemeanors that do not require a state prison sentence, as well as felonies punishable by a sentence of up to 5 years. If a state prison sentence is mandated, the Court may conduct probable cause hearings to determine whether offenses will be bound over to the Superior Court. Magistrates conduct hearings to issue criminal complaints and arrest warrants, and to determine whether there is probable cause to detain persons arrested without a warrant. Both judges and magistrates issue criminal and administrative search warrants.

The types of civil cases that may be filed in the BMC include contract, tort and replevin actions in which the likely recovery does not exceed $50,000;[7][Note 1] small claims cases in which the amount in controversy does not exceed $7,000[Note 2] (initially tried before a magistrate, with a defense right of appeal either to a judge or jury); summary process/eviction cases; supplementary process cases; mental health matters (including involuntary commitments and medication orders, and supervision of criminal defendants committed for mental observation or have been found incompetent to stand trial, or after an insanity acquittal); abuse prevention/restraining orders and harassment prevention orders; civil motor vehicle infraction appeals (initially tried before a magistrate, with a right of appeal to a judge and a final appeal to the appellate division); paternity and support actions; and violations of certain city ordinances and by-laws. In certain circumstances, civil actions may be filed in the BMC even if the parties do not reside or have a usual place of business in Suffolk County,[8] or if the defendant resides or does business outside the state.[9]

The court has jurisdiction for review of findings of the Massachusetts State Police Trial Board and equitable jurisdiction in lead poisoning prevention; landlord interference with quiet enjoyment or failure to provide utilities; sanitary code; and residential nuisances. The court also has jurisdiction to review government agency actions, such as unemployment compensation appeals, victim of violent crime compensation appeals, and firearms license appeals.[10]

Divisions

Composition

The court consists of a Chief Justice and 30 Associate Justices appointed by the Governor of Massachusetts with the consent of the Governor's Council. The Judges hold office until the mandatory retirement age of seventy. Chief Justice Roberto Ronquillo, Jr. was appointed in 2013.[12]

Judges

As of 2023, the court's members are as follows:[13]

Judge Began active
service 		Appointed by Notes
Roberto Ronquillo, Jr. 2001
Шаблон:Sup
2013
Шаблон:Sup 		Paul Cellucci Шаблон:Small
Michael C. Bolden 2005 Mitt Romney
David J. Breen 2015 Deval Patrick
James W. Coffey 2001 Jane Swift Шаблон:Small
Kathleen E. Coffey 1993 William Weld Шаблон:Small
Pamela M. Dashiell 2009 Deval Patrick Шаблон:Small
Debra A. DelVecchio 2014 Deval Patrick
David T. Donnelly 2002 Jane Swift Шаблон:Small
Kenneth J. Fiandaca 2008 Deval Patrick
John E. Garland 2021 Charlie Baker
Lisa Grant 2014 Deval Patrick Шаблон:Small
Lisa Ann Grant 2014 Deval Patrick
Joseph M. Griffin, Jr. 2022 Charlie Baker
Myong J. Joun 2014 Deval Patrick
Thomas S. Kaplanes 2013 Deval Patrick
Steven M. Key 2019 Charlie Baker
Tracy-Lee Lyons 2006 Mitt Romney
Stephen McClenon 2021 Charlie Baker
John E. McDonald, Jr. 2013 Deval Patrick Шаблон:Small
David B. Poole 2008 Deval Patrick
Erika Reis 2022 Charlie Baker
Eleanor C. Sinnott 2006 Mitt Romney Шаблон:Small[14]
Richard J. Sinnott 2017 Charlie Baker
James M. Stanton 2017 Charlie Baker
Mark H. Summerville 1993 William Weld
Paul M. Treseler 2019 Charlie Baker
Jonathan R. Tynes 2013 Deval Patrick
David Weingarten 2008 Deval Patrick Шаблон:Small
Samir Zaganjori 2021 Charlie Baker

Chief Justices

  • John W. Bacon (1866–1871)[1]
  • Mellen Chamberlain (1871–1878)[1]
  • John Wilder May (1878–1883)[1]
  • William E. Parmenter (1883–1902)[1]
  • John Freeman Brown (1902–1906)[15]
  • Wilfred Bolster (1906–1939)[16]
  • F. Delano Putnam (1939–1943)[17]
  • Davis B. Keniston (1943–1954)[18]
  • Elijah Adlow (1954–1973)[19][20]
  • Jacob Lewiton (1973–1978)[21]
  • Harry J. Elam (1978–1983)[22]
  • Theodore A. Glynn, Jr. (1983–1986)[23]
  • Joseph F. Feeney (1986–1988)[24]
  • William J. Tierney (1988–2002)[25]
  • Charles R. Johnson (2003–2013) (Acting 2002–2003)[26]
  • Roberto Ronquillo, Jr. (2013–present)

Notable former judges

Файл:George Lewis Ruffin.jpg
Hon. George Lewis Ruffin

Specialty sessions

Specialty Courts are problem-solving court sessions which provide court-supervised probation and mandated treatment focused on treating the mental health or substance abuse issues underlying criminal behavior. The BMC has the following specialty court sessions:

Notable cases

See also

Images

Former homes

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Massachusetts government

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок history не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  16. ↑ "MADE CHIEF JUSTICE." The Boston Globe, page 2, September 13, 1906.
  17. ↑ "CHIEF JUSTICE BOLSTER NEVER PUT ON AN ACT" The Boston Globe, page B20, April 9, 1939.
  18. ↑ "Keniston Not Surprised by Judicial Appointment" The Boston Globe, page 7, January 21, 1943.
  19. ↑ "Boston Municipal Court's Chief Justice "Man in the Street Judge" The Boston Globe, page C1, May 2, 1954.
  20. ↑ "Judge Adlow takes a stroll" The Boston Globe, page 37, April 11, 1976.
  21. ↑ "Jacob Lewiton sworn in to head Municipal Court" The Boston Globe, page 17, March 28, 1973.
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ "CHIEF JUSTICE" The Boston Globe, page 1, October 5, 1983.
  24. ↑ "JUDGE FEENEY IS NAMED CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE BOSTON MUNICIPAL COURT" The Boston Globe, page 30, February 20, 1986.
  25. ↑ "BOSTON MUNICIPAL COURT CHIEF JUDGE NAMED" The Boston Globe, page 19, May 14, 1988.
  26. ↑ "JUDGE JOHNSON TO HEAD MUNICIPAL COURT" The Boston Globe, page B2, April 1, 2003.
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Boston Marathon Bombing CNN. January 2, 2015.
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web


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