Английская Википедия:Boston Terrier

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Шаблон:Infobox dog breed

The Boston Terrier is a breed of dog originating in the United States of America. This "American Gentleman" was accepted in 1893 by the American Kennel Club as a non-sporting breed.[1] Color and markings are important when distinguishing this breed from the AKC standard. They should be either black, brindle or seal with white markings.[2][3] Boston Terriers are small and compact with a short tail and erect ears. The AKC says they are highly intelligent and very easily trained.[4] They are very friendly, however, they can be stubborn at times. The average life span of a Boston Terrier is around 11 to 13 years.[5]

The American Kennel Club ranked the Boston Terrier as the 21st most popular breed in 2019.[6][7]

History

Файл:Terrier Seated (Boston Public Library).jpg
Terrier Seated (Old Boston Bulldog) by Frances B. Townsend, Boston Public Library, 19th century
Файл:Boston Terrier male.jpg
A young male Boston Terrier with a Brown brindle coat

The Boston terrier breed originated around 1875, when Robert C. Hooper of Boston purchased from Edward Burnett a dog named Judge (known later as Hooper's Judge), which was of a bull and terrier type lineage. Hooper's Judge is directly related to the original bull and terrier breeds of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The American Kennel Club cites Hooper's Judge as the ancestor of all true modern Boston Terriers.[8]

Judge weighed about Шаблон:Convert. Judge was bred to Burnett's Gyp (or Kate). Gyp was a white bulldog-type female, owned by Edward Burnett, of Southboro, Massachusetts. She weighed about Шаблон:Convert, was stocky and strong and had the typical blocky head now shown in Bostons. From this foundation of the breed, subsequent breeders refined the breed into its modern-day presentation.[9] Bred down in size from fighting dogs of the bull and terrier types, the Boston Terrier originally weighed up to Шаблон:Convert (Old Boston Bulldogs).[1]

The breed was first shown in Boston in 1870. By 1889 the breed had become sufficiently popular in Boston that fanciers formed the American Bull Terrier Club, the breed's nickname, "roundheads". Shortly after, at the suggestion of James Watson (a noted writer and authority), the club changed its name to the Boston Terrier Club and in 1893 it was admitted to membership in the American Kennel Club, thus making it the first US breed to be recognized.[8] It is one of a small number of breeds to have originated in the United States. The Boston Terrier was the first non-sporting dog breed in the US.

In the early years, the color and markings were not very important to the breed's standard. By the 20th century the breed's distinctive markings and color were written into the standard, becoming an essential feature. The Boston Terrier has lost most of its aggressive nature, preferring the company of humans, although some males will still challenge other dogs if they feel their territory is being invaded. Boston University has used Rhett the Boston Terrier as their mascot since 1922.[10] Wofford College in Spartanburg, SC has had a live Boston Terrier mascot named Blitz since 2003 that attends home football games.[11] The Boston Terrier has also been the official state dog of Massachusetts since 1979.[12]

Description

Файл:BostonTerrier001.JPG
An adult male Boston Terrier with a black coat

The Boston Terrier is a compactly built, well-proportioned dog. It has a square-looking head with erect ears and a slightly arched neck. The muzzle is short and generally wrinkle-free, with an even or a slightly undershot bite. The chest is broad and the tail is short.[3] According to international breed standards, the dog should weigh no more than Шаблон:Convert. Boston Terriers usually stand up to Шаблон:Convert at the withers.[2]

The American Kennel Club divides the breed into three classes: under 15 pounds, 15 pounds and under 20 pounds, 20 pounds and not exceeding 25 pounds.[8]

Coat and color

The Boston Terrier is characteristically marked with white in proportion to either black, brindle, seal (color of a wet seal, a very dark brown that looks black except in the bright sun), or a combination of the three.[8] Any other color is not accepted as a Boston Terrier by the American Kennel Club, as they are usually obtained by crossbreeding with other breeds and the dog loses its characteristic "tuxedo" appearance.[2][3] Any Boston Terrier from AKC parentage regardless of the color, or if it is a splash or has a blue eye or weak ears, can be and is registered by the AKC and participate in any AKC sporting events.

According to the American Kennel Club, the Boston Terrier's markings are broken down into two categories: Required, which consists of a white chest, white muzzle band, and a white band between the eyes; and Desired, which includes the Required markings plus a white collar, white on the forelegs, forelegs, up to the hocks on the rear legs.[13] For conformation showing, symmetrical markings are preferred.[2] Due to the Boston Terrier's markings resembling formal wear, in addition to its refined and pleasant personality, the breed is commonly referred to as "the American Gentleman."[1][8]

Notable features

The Boston Terrier's large, prominent pair of eyes is a distinguishable feature. The breed's round eyes are set widely apart, are large in size, and located squarely in the skull.[14]

The breed's genetic makeup produces a short tail.[15] These short tails can take the shape of a corkscrew, or curl, or they can be straight.[15] Generally, Boston Terriers' tails do not exceed Шаблон:Convert in length.[16]

Temperament

Boston Terrier is a gentle breed that typically has a strong, happy-go-lucky, and friendly personality with a merry sense of humor. Boston Terriers are generally eager to please their owner and can be easily trained.[17] They can be very protective of their owners, which may result in aggressive and territorial behavior toward other pets and strangers. The breed requires only a minimal amount of grooming.[8]

While originally bred for fighting as well as hunting rats in garment factories, they were later bred for companionship. They are not considered terriers by the American Kennel Club, however, but are part of the non-sporting group.[8]

Both females and males are generally quiet and bark only when necessary,[18] though early training in this regard is essential.[19][20] Their usually sensible attitude toward barking makes them excellent choices for apartment dwellers.[17] They enjoy being around people, get along well with children, the elderly, other canines, and non-canine pets, if properly socialized.[1]

Health

Файл:Newborn Boston Terrier puppy (November 2006).jpg
A newborn Boston Terrier

Curvature of the back, called roaching, might be caused by patella problems with the rear legs, which in turn causes the dog to lean forward onto the forelegs.[1] This might also just be a structural fault with little consequence to the dog. Due to their shortened muzzles, many Boston Terriers cannot tolerate excessively hot or cold weather and demanding exercise under such conditions can cause them harm. A sensitive digestive system is also typical of Boston Terriers with flatulence commonly being associated with poor diet in the breed.[21]

Their large and prominent eyes make Boston Terriers prone to corneal ulcers. Due to the breed being characterized by a short muzzle paired with a large pair of eyes, their eyes are susceptible to injury when making contact with sand, dust, debris, or sharp objects, such as plants with thorns.[14] Their large eyes can also lead to Pigmentary Vascular Keratitis. Eye drops are vet recommended to help slow or prevent this condition.[22]

Boston Terriers are brachycephalic, meaning that their head is both broad and short, resulting in small nostrils, long palates and a narrow trachea; the shortened nose of brachycephalic animals can lead to brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome. Bostons may be prone to snoring and reverse sneezeШаблон:Mdasha rapid and repeated forced inhalation through the noseШаблон:Mdashaccompanied by snorting or gagging sounds used to clear the palate of mucus, which does not harm the dog if it does not last for more than 1–2 minutes.[23][24] Brachycephalic dogs may be prone to complications with general anesthesia.

Bostons frequently require caesarean section to give birth, with over 80% of litters in a UK Kennel Club survey delivered this way.[25][26]

Exercise needs

A Boston Terrier's energy level is moderate, according to the American Kennel Club.[27] Two brisk walks per day is considered satisfactory for the breed's exercise needs.

Grooming

With a short, shiny, smooth coat, Boston Terriers require little grooming.[17] Bostons produce light shedding, and weekly brushing of their fine coat is effective at removing loose hair.[28] Brushing promotes the health of the coat because it distributes skin oils, and it also encourages new hair growth.[28] Occasional bathing is suitable for the breed.[28]

The nails of Boston Terriers require regular trimming.[28] Overgrown nails not only have the potential to inflict pain on the breed, but they can also make walking difficult. Overgrown nails also have the potential to tear off after getting snagged on something.[17][28]

Similarly to nail trimming, tooth brushing should also be done regularly to promote good oral health.[29] The risk of the breed developing oral pain, gum infection, or bad breath can be decreased with regular tooth brushing that removes plaque buildup and other bacteria.[29] In addition, poor dental hygiene can lead to tooth root abscesses that can lead to damage around the tissue and eventually lead to the loss of teeth.[30]

Purposes beyond companionship

In modern days, aside from being an excellent companion, the Boston Terrier also excels in all sorts of canine sports. The breed is increasingly popular in dog agility competitions, obedience training, rally obedience, tracking, dock diving, flyball, weight-pulling, barn hunting and lure coursing.[31] Being such a versatile breed and with their outgoing personality and eagerness to meet new acquaintances, the Boston Terrier is a popular therapy dog.[32]

Popular Boston Terriers

In 1921 at a ceremony to commemorate the United States' 102nd Infantry, the U.S. Army awarded a gold medal to an honorable war dog: Sergeant Stubby.[33] The Boston Bull Terrier, possessing three service stripes and one wound stripe, was given a rank in the U.S. Army-making him the first dog to ever earn it.[33] The comforting, protective war dog was also rewarded a medal by France.[33] Sergeant Stubby died in 1926 with the legacy of being the United States' "greatest war dog."[33]

In 2012, a high school student named Victoria Reed took the advice of her veterinarian and submitted a photo of her Boston Terrier, Bruschi, to Guinness World Records.[34] With each eye being 1.1 inches, or 28 mm, in diameter, Bruschi is recognized by Guinness to be the dog with the largest eyes.[34]

Lennu, the pet from 2012 to 2021 of Sauli Niinistö, the President of Finland, was present at many of his less formal appearances and well known in Finland.[35] Photos of the pair went viral globally in the United States in 2017.[36][37][38]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

  • Bulanda, Susan (1994). Boston Terriers. Barron's Educational Series, Inc. Шаблон:ISBN.
  • Lee, Muriel (1998). The Official Book of the Boston Terrier. TFH Publications. ASIN: B013J9J8WO.
  • Axtell, Edward (1910) The Boston Terrier And All About It. The Dogdom Publishing Company. Battle Creek, Michigan. First Edition.

External links

Шаблон:Commons Шаблон:Americana poster

Шаблон:Terriers Шаблон:Toy dogs Шаблон:American dogs

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ American Kennel Club 2013 Dog Registration Statistics Historical Comparisons & Notable Trends, The American Kennel Club, Retrieved 19 May 2014
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 8,6 "Get to Know the Boston Terrier", 'The American Kennel Club', retrieved 19 May 2014
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 17,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Cline, Mrs. Charles D. (1995). Boston Terriers. T.F. H. Publications, Inc. Шаблон:ISBN.
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 28,2 28,3 28,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 33,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Nagesh, Ashitha: Finland's President has a top quality dog, Metro 23 February 2017. Accessed on 28 September 2017.
  36. ↑ Sauli Niinistön Lennu-koira on tämän hetken tunnetuin suomalainen – 7 kuvaa, jotka selittävät suosion, Me Naiset 23 February 2017. Accessed on 28 September 2017.
  37. ↑ Shapiro, Rebecca: The President Of Finland's Dog, Lennu, Is Melting Hearts Across The Globe, Huffington Post 23 February 2017. Accessed on 28 September 2017.
  38. ↑ Lennun voittokulku Yhdysvalloissa jatkuu: Jimmy Fallon matki Niinistön koiran legendaarista virnistystä, yleisö villiintyi, Ilta-Sanomat 24 February 2017. Accessed on 28 September 2017.
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