Английская Википедия:Boundary markers of the original District of Columbia

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Файл:6980 Maple Street NW boundary stone.jpg
Шаблон:Center

Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate The boundary markers of the original District of Columbia are the 40 milestones that marked the four lines forming the boundaries between the states of Maryland and Virginia and the square of 100 square miles (259 km2) of federal territory that became the District of Columbia in 1801 (see: Founding of the District of Columbia). Working under the supervision of three commissioners that President George Washington had appointed in 1790 in accordance with the federal Residence Act, a surveying team led by Major Andrew Ellicott placed these markers in 1791 and 1792. Among Ellicott's assistants were his brothers Joseph and Benjamin Ellicott, Isaac Roberdeau, George Fenwick, Isaac Briggs and an African American astronomer, Benjamin Banneker.[1]

Today, 36 of the original marker stones survive as the oldest federally placed monuments in the United States. Thirteen of these markers are now within Virginia due to the return of the portion of the District south and west of the Potomac River to Virginia in 1846 (see: District of Columbia retrocession).

Geography

Файл:Chart showing the original boundary milestones of the District of Columbia LOC 87694134.jpg
Map of the boundary stones

The District of Columbia (initially, the Territory of Columbia) was originally specified to be a square Шаблон:Convert in area, with the axes between the corners of the square running north-south and east-west, The square had its southern corner at the southern tip of Jones Point in Alexandria, Virginia, at the confluence of the Potomac River and Hunting Creek (later the site of the Jones Point Lighthouse).[2] The sides of the square were each Шаблон:Convert long. The specified orientation results in a diamond shape for the District's original boundaries on most maps.

The north-south axis of the District's current boundaries extends southward from the District's north corner near East-West Highway (Maryland Route 410), travels between 17th and 18th Streets, N.W., and continues south across the National Mall to the far shore of the Potomac River; the east-west axis is between the present Constitution Avenue and C Street, N.E. and N.W.[3]

These axes are not the lines used to define the four geographical quadrants of the District (N.E., N.W., S.E., and S.W.), commonly appended to Washington street addresses, which are delimited generally by North Capitol Street, East Capitol Street, South Capitol Street, and the National Mall. The center of the square is west of the Ellipse and north of the Mall, within the grounds of the headquarters of the Organization of American States.[4]

In 2011, the District of Columbia geographic information system (GIS) program completed a project to map the District's boundary using Global Positioning System (GPS) and contemporary survey technology at an accuracy of +/- Шаблон:Convert horizontally and +/- Шаблон:Convert vertically. The GIS program's survey found that (listed in the order in which Andrew Ellicott's team performed the initial boundary survey):

The overall accuracy of the historic survey and the survey using 2011 technology produced remarkably similar results. For example, the distance between Southeast stones numbers 6 and 7 is Шаблон:Convert, almost exactly one mile (Шаблон:Convert).[5]

The stones are located alongside streets, in public parks, deep in the woods and on personal property. Homeowners with stones on their property are generally willing to let the curious take a closer look if they are respectful.[6]

Placement of the boundary stones

Файл:South cornerstone in sea wall.jpg
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On March 30, 1791, President George Washington issued a proclamation that established ″Jones's point, the upper cape of Hunting Creek in Virginia″ as the starting point for the federal territory's boundary survey.[7] Acting in accordance with instructions in the proclamation, the survey team then began its work at the square's south corner on the shoreline of the point, which was at the southeast corner of Alexandria, Virginia.[2][8][9] On April 15, 1791, officials dedicated the south corner stone in an elaborate Masonic ceremony at a point that Andrew Ellicott had determined.[2][10][11]

The survey team then cleared a corridor along the boundary route to facilitate surveying, traveling clockwise from the point and placing sandstone boundary markers at the four corners and at intervals of approximately one mile.[2][8] The markers were quarried near Aquia Creek in Virginia.[2] Most weighed about a half-ton at their emplacement; the four cornerstones were slightly larger. The Virginia stones were set in 1791, and the Maryland ones in 1792.[2] The map on the web page "Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia" identifies the location of each of the four corner stones, and those of the still-in-place intermediate stones.[12]

The side of a boundary marker that faced the federal territory was inscribed "Jurisdiction of the United States" and with the distance in miles and poles from the previous corner stone. The opposite side was marked with the name of the border state: Virginia or Maryland. The remaining sides were marked with the year that the team placed the stones and with the variation ("Var.") of the compass needle at that place.[2][13][14]

On January 1, 1793, Andrew Ellicott submitted to the commissioners a report that stated that the boundary survey had been completed and that all of the boundary marker stones had been set in place. Ellicott's report described the marker stones and contained a map that showed the boundaries and topographical features of the Territory of Columbia. The map identified the locations within the Territory of the planned City of Washington and its major streets, as well as the location of each boundary marker stone.[2][15]

Шаблон:Anchor The following images show the sides of the Southeast No. 6 boundary marker stone on August 17, 2011:

Protection and historical designations

Файл:1908 40 stones DCSO autoadjust r c.pdf
Enlargeable 1908 composite photo by Ernest A. Shuster of the D.C. boundary stones and their sites prior to fencing in 1915[12]

Protection

In 1906, Fred E. Woodward read a paper to the Columbia Historical Society that described the history, location and conditions of each of the remaining boundary stones, together with photographs of each. His paper concluded by recommending that the stones be protected by placing small fences around each one.[16] In 1909, Ernest A. Shuster of the United States Geological Survey wrote an article for the National Geographic Magazine that described his visits to the 36 remaining boundary stones and that urged their protection and preservation.[17]

In 1915, various local chapters of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) began to place fences around each of the markers.[2][10][12] The DAR also placed at the exact center of the original federal territory a marker stone that was located about a half of a mile from the White House and was near the DAR's Memorial Continental Hall.[10]

Historical designations

One Virginia boundary marker was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and another in 1980. In 1991, the remaining Virginia boundary markers were added to the National Register in response to a Multiple Property Submission that the Virginia DAR had submitted.[18] In 1996, 23 marker stones along the boundary between the District of Columbia and Maryland were added to the National Register in response to registration forms that the District of Columbia government had submitted for each of the stones. Each of the District's registration forms referenced the documentation in the Multiple Property Submission for the Virginia markers.[19][20]

Virginia

Southwest 9.[21] This boundary marker in Falls Church, Virginia was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and further was named a U.S. National Historic Landmark, in 1976 at the instigation of the Afro-American Bicentennial Corporation, which gave the stone its name: Benjamin Banneker: SW-9 Intermediate Boundary Stone.[22] It was the first of the boundary markers to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

South Corner.[23] This boundary marker in Virginia was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, together with Alexandria's Jones Point Lighthouse. In 1794, the marker replaced the marker that officials had dedicated during the 1791 Masonic ceremony.[24]

Southwest 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; West Corner; Northwest 1, 2, and 3. These boundary markers in Virginia were added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 1, 1991 in response to the Multiple Property Submission cited above.[18]

District of Columbia and Maryland

Northwest 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9; North Corner; Northeast 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9; East Corner; Southeast 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9. These boundary markers, located along the border between the District of Columbia and Maryland, were added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1996.[19][25]

Preservation efforts

In 1976, the National Capital Planning Commission published a report that described the history and condition of each boundary stone.[2] The report recommended that measures be taken to assure the stones' preservation.[2] In 1990 and 1991, a resurveying team to celebrate the boundary markers' bicentennial located two of the then-missing stones.[12]

In 1995, the Northern Virginia Boundary Stones Committee, whose establishment the Northern Virginia Regional Commission (NVRC) had requested, issued a list of recommendations intended to document and preserve the 14 boundary stones that were located in Virginia. The Committee included representatives of the State of Maryland and of Arlington and Fairfax counties and the cities of Alexandria and Falls Church in Virginia.[26]

In 2008, the NVRC announced that four Virginia local governments, including Arlington and Fairfax counties and the cities of Alexandria and Falls Church, had agreed to help fund a project to protect and preserve the boundary stones by providing matching funds to a Transportation Enhancement Grant that the District Department of Transportation (DDOT) had received from the Federal Highway Administration (FHA). The announcement stated that the NVRC was working on an agreement with the DDOT, the National Park Service and the FHA to administer the project.[27]

However, the preservation project had not yet begun by 2012. It appeared that the DDOT no longer had the funds that had been allocated for the project.[28] In the meantime, teams of volunteers had begun to landscape and repaint the fences surrounding the stones.[29] In addition, the District of Columbia DAR restored the Northeast No. 7 boundary marker and its fence in 2012.

In 2014, the National Park Service, the historic preservation staff of the District of Columbia Office of Planning, the DDOT and the DAR initiated an effort to rehabilitate the boundary markers that were located along the District's contemporary boundaries.[30] As part of the project, in January 2015 a DDOT crew unearthed a stone buried in 1962 that had replaced Southeast No. 8, with the intention of cleaning and restoring the marker.[31] However, in 2016, the stone was replaced by a new stone that presumably replicated the appearance of the original stone when the original was new.[32]

List of boundary stones

The 36 extant and four missing boundary stones are tabulated in sequence below, beginning at the southern corner and proceeding clockwise, in the same order as the stones were placed.[12] The tables also contain the year that each stone was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Southern corner

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
South Cornerstone of the Original District of Columbia[33] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) South Cornerstone close-up.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Seawall south of lighthouse, Jones Point Park, 1 Jones Point Drive, Alexandria City of Alexandria, Virginia; Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1980

Southwestern side

Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
Southwest No. 1 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[34] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 1.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		1220 Wilkes Street City of Alexandria, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Southwest No. 2 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[35] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 2.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		7 Russell Road. East side of Russell Road, north of intersection with King Street City of Alexandria, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Replacement marker stone (Original stone missing)[35] 1991
Southwest No. 3 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[36] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 3.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		2952 King Street, in parking lot of First Baptist Church City of Alexandria, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Southwest No. 4 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[37] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 4.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		King Street north of intersection with Wakefield Street City of Alexandria and Arlington County, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Southwest No. 5 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[38] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 5.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Northeast of intersection of King Street and Walter Reed Drive Arlington County, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Southwest No. 6 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[39] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 6.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		South Jefferson Street south of intersection with Columbia Pike, in median strip Arlington and Fairfax Counties, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Southwest No. 7 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[40] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 7.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Behind 3101 South Manchester Street, Arlington, Virginia, in fence southwest of Carlin Springs Elementary School (5995 5th Road South, Arlington, Virginia) parking lot Arlington and Fairfax Counties, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Southwest No. 8 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[41] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SW 8.jpg
Шаблон:Center		 South of intersection of Wilson Boulevard and John Marshall Drive, near parking lot behind apartment building and Шаблон:Convert south of water tower Arlington County and the City of Falls Church, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Benjamin Banneker: SW-9 Intermediate Boundary Stone[42] Файл:DC Boundary stone SW9 (Banneker), 21 Oct 2012.JPG
Шаблон:Center 		West side of Benjamin Banneker Park, 1701 North Van Buren Street, Falls Church, Virginia, between 18th Street North and Four Mile Run Arlington County and the City of Falls Church, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1976

Western corner

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
West Cornerstone[43] Файл:DC West Boundary Stone.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		In Andrew Ellicott Park at the West Cornerstone, 2824 N. Arizona Street, Arlington, Virginia[44] Arlington County, City of Falls Church, and Fairfax County, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991

Northwestern side

Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
Northwest No. 1 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[45] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 1.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		3607 North Powhatan Street, Arlington, Virginia Arlington and Fairfax counties, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Northwest No. 2 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[46] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 2.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		5145 38th Street North, Arlington, Virginia Arlington and Fairfax counties, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Northwest No. 3 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[47] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 3.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		4013 North Tazewell Street, Arlington, Virginia Arlington and Fairfax counties, Virginia Шаблон:Coord Extant 1991
Northwest No. 4 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[48] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 4.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant grounds, 100+ feet east of the Capital Crescent Trail and several hundred feet north of the intersection of Norton Street and Potomac Avenue Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northwest No. 5 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[49] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 5.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Dalecarlia Reservoir, Шаблон:Convert west of Dalecarlia Parkway and Шаблон:Convert southeast of concrete culvert Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northwest No. 6 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[50] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 6.jpg
Шаблон:Center		 Шаблон:Convert northeast of intersection of Park and Western Avenues, Northwest Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northwest No. 7 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[51] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 7.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		5600 Western Avenue Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northwest No. 8 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[52] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NW 8.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		6422 Western Avenue Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northwest No. 9 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[53] Файл:DC NW-9 boundary stone 2021c.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Rock Creek Park, approximately Шаблон:Convert northwest of the centerline of Daniel Road and Шаблон:Convert southeast from edge of 2701 Daniel Road Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996

Northern corner

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
North Corner Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[54] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) North Corner.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		1880 block of East-West Highway (south side) Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996

Northeastern side

Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
Northeast No. 1 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[55] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 1 plaque.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		7847 Eastern Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Plaque in sidewalk (marker stone missing)
Northeast No. 2 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[56] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 2.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		6980 Maple Avenue, Takoma Park, Maryland Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northeast No. 3 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[57] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 3.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		6201 Eastern Avenue, Шаблон:Convert northwest of intersection with Chillum Road Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northeast No. 4 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[58] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 4.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		5101 Eastern Avenue/5400 Sargent Road Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northeast No. 5 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[59] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 5.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		4609 Eastern Avenue Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northeast No. 6 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[60] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 6.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		3601 Eastern Avenue Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northeast No. 7 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[61] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 7 2.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Fort Lincoln Cemetery, along fence, 75 feet southwest of Garden Mausoleum Washington, D.C., and Prince Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northeast No. 8 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[62] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 8.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens, along a fence 500 feet northwest of the intersection of Eastern and Kenilworth Avenues Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Northeast No. 9 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[63] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) NE 9.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		919 Eastern Avenue Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996

Eastern corner

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
East Corner Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[64] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) East Corner.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Шаблон:Convert east of intersection of Eastern and Southern Avenues Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996

Southeastern side

Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate

Name Image Address City/County Coordinates Status Year
Listed
Southeast No. 1 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[65] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SE 1.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Шаблон:Convert south of intersection of Southern Avenue and D Street Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Southeast No. 2 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[66] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SE 2.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		4345 Southern Avenue Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Southeast No. 3 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[67] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SE 3.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		3908 Southern Avenue Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Southeast No. 4 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[68] Файл:DC Boundary Stone SE 4 (Columbia Historical Society, 1906).png
Шаблон:Center 		3101 Southern Avenue, along gate in front of parking lot south of intersection with Naylor Road. Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Replacement marker stone
(Original displayed off-site in 2016)[69]
Southeast No. 5 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[70] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SE 5.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Шаблон:Convert northeast of intersection of Southern Avenue and Valley Terrace Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Southeast No. 6 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[71] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SE 6 (view from north).jpg
Шаблон:Center 		901 Southern Avenue Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Southeast No. 7 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[72] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SE 7.jpg
Шаблон:Center 		Шаблон:Convert south of intersection of Southern Avenue and Indian Head Highway, on east side of Indian Head Highway Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996
Southeast No. 8 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[73] Файл:DC Boundary Stone SE 8 (Columbia Historical Society, 1906).png
Шаблон:Center 		Behind Blue Plains Impoundment Lot: Southeast corner of lot on the Maryland side of the fence, a short distance from the lightposts. Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Replacement marker stone
(Original missing)[32]
Southeast No. 9 Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia[74] Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) SE 9.tiff
Шаблон:Center 		Шаблон:Convert southwest of the southern end of Oxon Cove Bridge and about Шаблон:Convert east of the Potomac River[75] Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland Шаблон:Coord Extant 1996

Plaques

Explanatory plaques that are not attached to fences accompany several boundary marker stones, including:

Historical markers

In 2005, the Arlington County, Virginia, government erected historical markers near the Southwest Nos. 6 and 8 boundary marker stones of the original District of Columbia.

Missing boundary markers

Four of the forty original boundary markers were not in or near their original locations in late 2016. Three of these had been replaced with substitute markers.[12]

Name Image Description
Southwest No. 2 Файл:DC SW Mile 2 Boundary Stone.JPG
2013 		The original Southwest No. 2 marker disappeared before 1900. A marker stone now within a DAR fence near the street curb at 7 Russell Road north of King Street in Alexandria is a replacement about Шаблон:Convert southeast of the original location. DAR records show that the replacement marker was placed at its current location in 1920. The replacement marker lacks an inscription and does not resemble an original boundary marker.[35]
Northeast No. 1
Файл:Boundary Stone (District of Columbia) North boundary stone in Silver Spring.jpg
June 13, 1916 		A photograph taken on June 13, 1916, shows a ceremony that members of the DAR conducted when they unveiled a fence around Northeast No. 1, which was then in a field.[2] The stone was accidentally bulldozed and removed in September 1952 during the construction of a storefront at 7847 Eastern Avenue, northwest of the avenue's intersection with Georgia Avenue. A bronze plaque in the sidewalk in front of a shop at the site marks the stone's former location.[76]

Southeast No. 4 Southeast No. 4, described as an "indistinguishable nub", was located in 1976 along Southern Avenue a few feet southeast of the avenue's intersection with Naylor Road.[2] When a truck knocked the stone out of place in 1985, the manager of a nearby apartment building moved it into the building's boiler room for safekeeping.[77] In 1991, the building manager gave the stone to the bicentennial resurveying team.[77] A team member then stored the stone in his garage.[78]

In 2012, the stone was transferred to the D.C. Office of the Surveyor, which intended to reset the stone near its original location.[77] However, in 2016, a replica of the stone resembling the presumed appearance of the original stone when new was placed near the original stone's site.[79] The original stone was placed on display in the Office of the Surveyor.[69]
Southeast No. 8 The original Southeast No. 8 stone was removed in 1958 during construction and then either lost or stolen from a storage facility before it could be reset in the ground.[32] In 1962, the DAR placed a new inscription-less stone in the same location along with the original stone's iron fence. However, further construction subsequently buried the replacement stone.[32]

The replacement stone was later discovered nearly eight feet below ground level in the southeast corner of the Blue Plains Impoundment Lot, on the Maryland side of the impoundment lot's fence.[32] A concrete pipe embedded in a mound of gravel was put in place to mark the replacement stone's site.

In 1972, the stone had been uncovered, and an excavation and relocation was planned, but never happened and the stone was again covered by landfill until 1991. A bicentennial resurveying team then dug it out of the ground, using old photographs to locate it. The stone was replaced underground for protection and covered by a taller pipe that was visible above the surface.[80]

In 2015, DDOT workers excavated and removed the stone after debris in the pipe had covered the stone.[31][32] The stone was replaced in early 2016 with a replica that presumably had the same appearance as the original had when new. This replica was installed at ground level at the stone's original site.[32]

District of Columbia entrance markers

Шаблон:Further Шаблон:GeoGroupTemplate

Файл:DC boundary marker at Friendship Heights station.jpg
Шаблон:Center

A group of entrance markers, erected later along major roads that travel into the District of Columbia, are located on or near the boundary of D.C. and Maryland. Three pairs of marker stones and another single stone are known collectively as the Garden Club of America Entrance Markers.[81][82] They are all listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[82]

  • One pair of markers is located within Westmoreland Circle at the junction of Western Avenue and Massachusetts Avenue NW.[81][83] These markers are between the Northwest No. 5 and Northwest No. 6 boundary markers of the original District of Columbia.
  • Two similar markers flank Wisconsin Avenue at Western Avenue in Friendship Heights, near the Friendship Heights Metro Station.[84][85] These markers are between the Northwest No. 6 and Northwest No. 7 boundary markers of the original District of Columbia.
  • Another pair of markers is located within Chevy Chase Circle, at the junction of Western Avenue and Connecticut Avenue.[86][87] These markers are between the Northwest No. 7 and Northwest No. 8 boundary markers of the original District of Columbia.
  • A single marker is located within a traffic island at the intersection of Georgia Avenue, Alaska Avenue and Kalmia Road NW. The marker is located inside the triangular island's southeast corner, near the intersection of Georgia Avenue to the east and Kalmia Road to the south.[88]
The marker was formerly located inside a median in the center of Georgia Avenue, just north of the Avenue's intersection with Kalmia Road and Alaska Avenue.[89] This marker is between the former site of the Northeast No. 1 and the present site of the Northeast No. 2 boundary markers of the original District of Columbia.
Файл:DC Boundary Marker at SS traffic circle.jpg
Шаблон:Center

Another D.C. entrance marker stands in a traffic circle (Blair Circle) near downtown Silver Spring, Maryland, at the junction of Eastern Avenue NW, 16th Street NW, N. Portal Drive NW and Colesville Road.[90] The marker is between the North Corner boundary marker and the former site of the Northeast No. 1 boundary marker of the original District of Columbia.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Washington DC landmarks

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
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Разное

  1. ↑ (1) Шаблон:Cite journal.
    (2) Шаблон:Cite journal
    (3) Шаблон:Cite book
    (4) Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ The north-south axis is a straight line connecting the north and south cornerstones of the original District of Columbia. The east-west axis is a straight line connecting the east and west cornerstones of the original District of Columbia.
  4. ↑ Coordinates of the center of the square of the original District of Columbia: Шаблон:Coord. The center of the square of the original District of Columbia is the crossing of the north-south axis line and the east-west axis line.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,5 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  14. ↑ Diagram showing scheme of lettering on intermediate and corner stones (Plate VII following p. 64) in Шаблон:Cite journal
  15. ↑ (1) Шаблон:Cite journal
    (2) Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 (1) Шаблон:Cite web.
    (2) Шаблон:Cite web.
    (3) Шаблон:Cite web.
    (4) Шаблон:Cite web.
    (5) Шаблон:Cite web.
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 (1) Шаблон:Cite web
    (2) Шаблон:Cite web
    (3) Шаблон:Cite web
    (4) Шаблон:Cite web
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    (2) Шаблон:Cite web
    (3) Шаблон:Cite web
    (4) Шаблон:Cite web
    (5) Шаблон:Cite web
    (6) Шаблон:Cite web
    (7) Шаблон:Cite web
    (8) Шаблон:Cite web
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    (3) Шаблон:Cite news Note: A June 1, 2015, comment by RossEmery following this article disputed information in the article's title. The comment stated: "Stones laid by Benjamin Banneker in the 1790s are still standing" Actually: Ellicott, a prominent professional surveyor, hired Benjamin Banneker, an astronomer and mathematician from Maryland, to make the astronomical observations and calculations necessary to establish the south corner of the square at Jones Point in Alexandria. According to legend, "Banneker fixed the position of the first stone by lying on his back to find the exact starting point for the survey ... and plotting six stars as they crossed his spot at a particular time of night." From there, Ellicott's team (minus Banneker, who worked only on the south corner) embarked on a forty mile journey, surveying ten-mile lines first to the northwest, then the northeast, next southeast, and finally southwest back toward the starting point, clearing twenty feet of land on each side of the boundary. The comment cited http://www.boundarystones.org as the source of its information.
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  83. ↑ Coordinates of entrance markers in Westmoreland Circle:
    (1) North side of circle: Шаблон:Coord
    (2) West side of circle: Шаблон:Coord
    (3) Шаблон:Cite web
  84. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web.
    (2) Шаблон:Cite web
  85. ↑ Coordinates of entrance markers in Friendship Heights:
    (1) North corner of intersection: Шаблон:Coord
    (2) West corner of intersection: Шаблон:Coord
  86. ↑ (1) Шаблон:Cite web.
    (2) Шаблон:Cite web
  87. ↑ Coordinates of entrance markers in Chevy Chase Circle:
    (1) East of center of circle: Шаблон:Coord
    (2) West of center of circle: Шаблон:Coord
  88. ↑ Coordinates of entrance marker in traffic island at intersection of Georgia Avenue, Alaska Avenue and Kalmia Road NW: Шаблон:Coord
  89. ↑ (1) Шаблон:Cite web.
    (2) Шаблон:Cite web
  90. ↑ Coordinates of entrance marker in Blair Circle near downtown Silver Spring: Шаблон:Coord
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Boundary_markers_of_the_original_District_of_Columbia&oldid=13603515