Английская Википедия:Boundary parallel
Шаблон:Unreferenced In mathematics, a closed n-manifold N embedded in an (n + 1)-manifold M is boundary parallel (or ∂-parallel, or peripheral) if there is an isotopy of N onto a boundary component of M.
An example
Consider the annulus <math>I \times S^1</math>. Let π denote the projection map
- <math>\pi\colon I \times S^1 \rightarrow S^1,\quad (x, z) \mapsto z.</math>
If a circle S is embedded into the annulus so that π restricted to S is a bijection, then S is boundary parallel. (The converse is not true.)
If, on the other hand, a circle S is embedded into the annulus so that π restricted to S is not surjective, then S is not boundary parallel. (Again, the converse is not true.)
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An example wherein π is not bijective on S, but S is ∂-parallel anyway.
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An example wherein π is bijective on S.
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An example wherein π is not surjective on S.
