Английская Википедия:Bow Bridge, Iwood

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox bridge Bow Bridge (Шаблон:IPAc-en) is a Grade II listed stone arched bridge, that crosses the Congresbury Yeo at Iwood, a hamlet of Congresbury in North Somerset. The bridge is largely intact and dates from the late 18th or early 19thШаблон:Nbspcentury. It is constructed from local stone with a single span arch of approximately Шаблон:Convert. The singleШаблон:Hyphencoursed stone parapet is low in height and consists of a row of voussoirs and an unmetalled farm track. It is in close proximity to two other Grade II listed bridges to the east and southeast of Congresbury.

Etymology

The name "Bow" is a cognate of the Welsh word bwa (Шаблон:IPA) "arch", both being derived from the Old English boga, "bow" (as in bow and arrow) or "arch".Шаблон:R In West Country dialect, a "bow" is a name for a stone arched bridge that spans a river or rhyne.Шаблон:R A "bow" can also refer to a river abruptly changing course (as in oxbow lake).Шаблон:R

History

The bridge has been dated to the late 18th or early 19thШаблон:Nbspcentury but a more precise date has proved difficult to ascertain. Gradiometry and resistivity surveys at Iwood have found little evidence of mediaeval occupation.Шаблон:R Furthermore, before 1814, there is an absence of cartography, apart from John Jacob de Wilstar's survey of lands for Queen Elizabeth's Hospital in 1739, that documented a limited number of land owners.Шаблон:R However, the bridge does appear on the 1814 Congresbury enclosure map on lands held by Benjamin Thayer, a farmer at Iwood Farm, that had been occupied in the 18thШаблон:Nbspcentury by James Wreach.Шаблон:R In particular, the bridge is shown crossing Thayer's land north of the river at the River Ground (number 1586 on the 1839 tithe map),Шаблон:R to pasture land on the south (number 1785 on the tithe map).Шаблон:R

On 26Шаблон:NbspMarch 1810, Young Sturge and James Staples, the Commissioners of Enclosure for Congresbury, Wick St. Lawrence, and Puxton,Шаблон:R invited tenders from builders and masons to build a bridge in the Great or New Moor, over the Congresbury Yeo.Шаблон:RШаблон:Efn Edward Lukins, a mason at Yatton,Шаблон:R won the tender, and together with Thayer, signed contracts with the commissioners on 23Шаблон:NbspApril 1810.Шаблон:R The contract value was £280 (Шаблон:Inflation),Шаблон:R a substantial sum when compared to average agricultural wages at the time of around £30 per year.Шаблон:R In total, the Congresbury enclosure improved, or caused to be built, 398 bridges and gates, at a cost of £1,314 (Шаблон:Inflation).Шаблон:R These enclosure costs were a burden for many landowners as they often had to sell part of their land, and less commonly, mortgage other properties, to meet the expenses imposed by the commissioners.Шаблон:R Thayer farmed the land around the bridge until his death on Christmas Day 1860,Шаблон:R and on 20Шаблон:NbspFebruary 1861, the farm and lands were sold at auction.Шаблон:R

Features and architecture

The bridge is constructed from local stone with a single span arch of approximately Шаблон:Convert. The singleШаблон:Hyphencoursed stone parapet is low in height and consists of a row of voussoirs.Шаблон:R An unmetalled farm track traverses the top of the bridge.Шаблон:R On 26Шаблон:NbspOctober 2007, the bridge was designated as a Grade II listed building by Historic England as it is a "substantially intact lateШаблон:HyphenC18 or earlyШаблон:HyphenC19 bridge over the River YeoШаблон:Nbsp... [and] possesses strong group value with other bridges of a similar date and style."Шаблон:R The bridge can be reached from a public footpath running along the north bank of the Congresbury Yeo,Шаблон:R in close proximity to two other Grade II listed bridges to the east and southeast of Congresbury,Шаблон:R namely Collins Bridge and Bridge over River Yeo.Шаблон:R Шаблон:Multiple image

Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Official listing of Bow Bridge on the National Heritage List for England.
• Congresbury History Group.
• Walking route to Bow Bridge from Congresbury Millennium Green, published by Bristol City Council in partnership with Travelwest.