Английская Википедия:Bradbury Building

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The Bradbury Building is an architectural landmark in downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. Built in 1893,[1] the five-story office building is best known for its extraordinary skylit atrium of access walkways, stairs and elevators, and their ornate ironwork. The building was commissioned by Los Angeles gold-mining millionaire Lewis L. Bradbury and constructed by draftsman George Wyman from the original design by Sumner Hunt.[2] It appears in numerous works of fiction and has been the site of many movie and television shoots and music videos.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977, one of only four office buildings in Los Angeles to be so honored.[3] It was also designated a landmark by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission[4] and is the city's oldest landmarked building.[5]

History

19th century

Lewis L. Bradbury, Sr. (November 6, 1823 – July 15, 1892)[6][7][8] was a 19th century millionaire who made his fortune in mining and real estate[3]—he owned the Tajo Mine in Sinaloa, Mexico—who became a real estate developer in the later part of his life.[9][10] In 1892 he began planning to construct a five-story building at Broadway and Third Street in Los Angeles, close to the Bunker Hill neighborhood. A local architect, Sumner Hunt, was hired to design the building, and turned in a completed design,[2] but Bradbury dismissed Hunt's plans as inadequate to the grand building he wanted. He then hired George Wyman, one of Hunt's draftsmen, to do the design.[11] Bradbury supposedly felt that Wyman understood his own vision of the building better than Hunt did, but there is no concrete evidence that Wyman changed Hunt's design, which has raised some controversy about who should be considered to be the architect of the building.[2] Wyman had no formal education as an architect, and was working for Hunt for $5 a week at the time.[3]

Файл:Bradbury entryway 2011.JPG
An entryway with holiday decorations in December 2011

The building opened in 1893, some months after Bradbury's death in 1892,[6] and was completed in 1894, at the total cost of $500,000,[3] about three times the original budget of $175,000.[12]

20th century

The building has operated as an office building for most of its history. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977.[13][14] It was purchased by developer and champion of downtown restoration Ira Yellin[15] in the early 1980s,[16] who invested $7 million in restoration,[3] preservation and seismic retrofitting between 1989 and 1991. As part of the restoration, a storage area at the south end of the building was converted to a new rear-entrance portico, connecting the building more directly to Biddy Mason Park and the adjacent Broadway Spring Center parking garage. The building's lighting system was also redesigned, bringing in alabaster wall sconces from Spain.

Since 1996, the building has served as the headquarters for the Los Angeles Police Department's Internal Affairs division[17] and other government agencies. The LAPD Board of Rights holds officer discipline hearings here, and within the force it is given the nickname "the Ovens", because officers see it as the place they "get burned."[18] The LAPD has a 50-year lease on their space.[17]

21st century

The building was purchased for $6 million in 2003 by a Hong Kong investor, less than the $7 million Ira Yellin invested just to rehabilitate and seismically retrofit the structure after acquiring it in 1989,[19] a reflection of Yellin's commitment to downtown preservation and restoration.[19] It was never listed for sale, only offered to a select group of potential buyers who would respect its legacy and retain its character. The building, according to Yellin's widow Adele, at the time, was "in very good hands".[19]

From 2001 to 2003 the Museum of Architecture and Design had its home there.[20][21][22] In 2007, the Morono Kiang Gallery of Chinese art opened in the building.[23]

Several of the offices are rented out to private concerns, including Red Line Tours. The retail spaces on the first floor currently house Ross Cutlery, where O. J. Simpson purchased a stiletto that figured in his murder trial, a Subway sandwich restaurant, a Blue Bottle Coffee shop, and a real estate sales office for loft conversions in other nearby historic buildings.

Шаблон:As of, the Berggruen Institute maintains its offices in the building.[24]

Architecture

Файл:Bradbury Building, interior, ironwork.jpg
Cast-iron filigree balustrades in the building's central atrium

The building's undistinguished exterior facade of brown brick, sandstone and terracotta detailing was designed in the commercial vernacular Italian Renaissance Revival style current at the time. Its interior is its most notable part.[25]

The narrow entrance lobby, with its low ceiling and minimal light "has the look of a Parisian alley of arched windows", and opens into a bright naturally lit great "awe-inspiring cathedral-like"[12] center court. Robert Forster, star of the TV series Banyon that used the building for his office, described it as "one of the great interiors of L.A. Outside it doesn't look like much, but when you walk inside, suddenly you're back a hundred and twenty years."[26]

The five-story central court features glazed and unglazed yellow and pink bricks,[12] ornamental cast iron,[19] tiling, Italian marble, Mexican tile,[3] decorative terracotta[12] and polished wood, capped by a skylight that allows the court to be flooded with natural rather than artificial light, creating ever-changing shadows and accents during the day. At the time the building was completed, it featured the largest plate-glass windows in Los Angeles.[3]

Open "bird-cage" elevators surrounded by wrought-iron grillwork go up to the fifth floor.[3]

Geometric patterned staircases and wrought-iron and polished oak railings are used abundantly throughout. The wrought-iron was created in France and displayed at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair before being installed in the building. Freestanding mail-chutes also feature ironwork. The overall effect, according to a Los Angeles Times writer, is "a mesmerizing degree of symmetry and visual complexity".[12]

Tourism

The building is a popular tourist attraction. It is open daily and staffed by a government worker who provides historical background on it. Casual visitors are only permitted up to the first landing. Brochures and tours are also available. It is close to three other downtown Los Angeles landmarks: the Grand Central Market, the Million Dollar Theater (across the street) and Angels Flight (two blocks away). Access is via the Los Angeles Metro Rail B and D lines at Civic Center/Grand Park station, three blocks distant.

Gallery

In popular culture

Файл:BladeRunner Bradbury Interior.jpg
The Bradbury Building in Blade Runner

The Bradbury Building has been featured prominently as a setting in many films, television shows, and in literature—particularly in the science fiction genre.[28] Most notably, the building is a setting in the 1982 science fiction film Blade Runner, for the character J. F. Sebastian's apartment, and the climactic rooftop scene.[29]

The Bradbury Building appeared in the noir films Double Indemnity (1944),[30] The Unfaithful (1947), Shockproof (1949), D.O.A. (1950) and I, The Jury (1953) [31] (the latter filmed in 3-D). M (1951), a remake of the 1931 German film, contains a long search sequence filmed in the building, and a notable shot through the roof's skylight. The five-story atrium also substituted for the interior of the seedy skid row hotel depicted in the climax of Good Neighbor Sam (1964).

The building is also featured in China Girl (1942), The White Cliffs of Dover (1944),[32] Indestructible Man (1956), Caprice (1967),[32] Marlowe (1969),[31] the 1972 made-for-television movie The Night Strangler,[28] Chinatown (1974), The Cheap Detective (1978),[32] Avenging Angel (1985),[33] Murphy's Law (1986), ‘’Midnight Cabaret’’ (1990), The Dreamer of Oz (1990), 1994's Wolf and, Lethal Weapon 4 (1998), Pay It Forward (2000), What Women Want (2000),[34] (500) Days of Summer (2009) and The Artist (2011).[30]

Television series that featured the building include the 1964 The Outer Limits episode "Demon with a Glass Hand", and the 1962 Perry Mason episode "The Case of the Double-Entry Mind". During the season six episodes (1963–64) of the series 77 Sunset Strip, the Stuart "Stu" Bailey character had his office in the Bradbury. In Quantum Leap the building is seen carrying the name "Gotham Towers" in "Play It Again, Seymour", the last episode of the first season (1989). The building appeared in at least one episode of the television series Banyon (1972–73), where it was used as Robert Forster's office,[35] City of Angels (1976) and Mission: Impossible (1966–73),[33] as well as Ned and Chuck's Apartment in Pushing Daisies, which debuted in 2007.[28] The building was also the setting for a scene from the series FlashForward in the episode "Let No Man Put Asunder". In 2010 the building was transplanted to New York City for a two-part episode of CSI: NY. The Bradbury Building and a fake New York City subway entrance across the street were also used to represent the exterior of New York's High School for the Performing Arts in the opening credits of the television series Fame. The building appears as itself in multiple episodes of the fourth season of Amazon Studios' original series Bosch, in both exterior establishing shots and interior shots.

The Bradbury appeared in a 1979 music video for "Take Me Home" by Cher, in addition to music videos from the 1980s by Heart, Janet Jackson, Earth Wind and Fire, Phil Seymour and Genesis, and a Pontiac Pursuit commercial. Part of Janet Jackson's 1989 film short Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 was filmed in the building as well. The interior appears in the music video for the Pointer Sisters' 1980 song, "He's So Shy". The Bradbury Building was prominently featured in Monica's 1998 single "The First Night" as well in Tony! Toni! Toné!'s "Let's Get Down" music video. In 2016, the interiors were featured in the music video for "The Road" by Chinese musician Huang Zitao.[36] The building was used in the music video for "Icy", a 2019 song by South Korean girl group Itzy.

The Bradbury has frequently appeared in popular literature. In the "Nathan Heller" series of detective novels by Max Allan Collins, Heller's A-1 Detective Agency's Los Angeles offices are housed in the Bradbury, as shown in the novel Angel in Black. In the Star Trek novel The Case of the Colonist's Corpse: A Sam Cogley Mystery, the protagonist works from the Bradbury Building four hundred years in the future. Other appearances occur in The Man With The Golden Torc by Simon R. Green, Angels Flight The Black Box, and "The Drop," by Michael Connelly, and the science-fiction multiple novel series The World of Tiers by Philip Jose Farmer.[28]

DC Comics and Marvel Comics—the latter of which has offices in the real Bradbury Building—both published comic book series based on characters that work in the historic landmark. The building serves as the headquarters for the Marvel Comics team The Order, and in the DC Universe, the Human Target runs his private investigation agency from the building.[28]

The building was used for the music video for "Say Something", a song released on January 25, 2018 by Justin Timberlake featuring Chris Stapleton.

The Bradbury Building was featured in "On Location", episode 172 of the podcast 99% Invisible.[37]

The building interior was shown in the title sequence for the TV series The Ray Bradbury Theater, which aired from 1985 to 1992.Шаблон:Citation needed

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Registered Historic Places Шаблон:LAHMC

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  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Nomination Form. The National Register of Historic Places не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 "Bradbury Building" on the Los Angeles Conservancy website
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Muchnich, Suzanne. "Old Friends Meet Again : Bradbury Building, 98, Sits for Photographer, 80" Los Angeles Times (August 3, 1991)
  5. ↑ "Bradbury Building Renovation" Los Angeles Times (November 12, 1989)
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Wakim, Marielle. "It Happened This Week in L.A. History: The City Mourns Lewis L. Bradbury" Los Angeles (July 16, 1892)
  7. ↑ "Louis L. Bradbury" on the Family History Machine" website
  8. ↑ "Bradbury Family Papers: A Mexican-American Family's Story, 1876-1965" Шаблон:Webarchive on the University of California, Davis University Library website
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 Ferrell, David. "The Bradbury Sparkles as Jewel in City Landscape" Los Angeles Times (October 10, 2002)
  13. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок nhlsum не указан текст
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web and Шаблон:NHLS url Шаблон:Small
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Latker, Loren. "Elevators at the Bradbury" on the Shamus Town website
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 "LAPD Unit to Move to Historic Building" Los Angeles Times (February 13, 1996)
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 19,3 Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ "About A+D" Шаблон:Webarchive on the Architecture and Design Museum: Los Angeles website
  21. ↑ Stevens, James. "Back to the Bradbury" Los Angeles Times (February 9, 2001)
  22. ↑ Roug, Louise. "Another location for A + D" Los Angeles Times (December 21, 2003)
  23. ↑ Muchnic, Suzanne. "An artful addition to Bradbury's interior" Los Angeles Times (June 24, 2007)
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ "The Bradbury Building" Шаблон:Webarchive on the American Institute of Architects, Los Angeles Chapter website
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ 28,0 28,1 28,2 28,3 28,4 Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  31. ↑ 31,0 31,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 32,2 Шаблон:Cite book
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ MobileReference. Travel Los Angeles: City Guide and Map 2007. Шаблон:ISBN
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Cbignore
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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