Английская Википедия:Brazilian Marine Corps
Шаблон:Infobox military unit Шаблон:Brazilian Navy
The Brazilian Marine Corps (CFN; Шаблон:Lang-pt, Шаблон:Literal translation),[1] is the land combat branch of the Brazilian Navy. The Corps is specialised in amphibious warfare.
Mission
Deployed nationwide, along the coast, in the riverine regions of Amazon and in the Pantanal, in peacetime it provides for the security of Naval installations and aids isolated populations through civic action programs in the Naval Districts. Abroad, it provides security for the Embassies of Brazil in Algeria, in Paraguay, in Haiti and in Bolivia. It has participated in all of the armed conflicts in the Military history of Brazil, foreign and domestic.
The badge consists of a fouled anchor superimposed over a pair of crossed rifles. It is worn on the collar points of the dress and service uniforms and on the corps Garrison Cap (Gorro de Fita).
History
The Brazilian Marines trace their origin to 1808 when the troops of the Royal Brigade of the Navy (the Portuguese Marine Corps) arrived in Brazil (then a Portuguese colony) when Mary I of Portugal and her son Prince Regent John (later King John VI of Portugal) relocated themselves to the Portuguese South American territory during the Napoleonic Wars in Europe.
The baptism of fire: the conquest of Cayenne
In retaliation for the invasion of Portugal, prince regent, Dom João ordered the invasion of French Guiana, whose capital, Cayenne, was captured on January 14, 1809.
Historical campaigns
After Brazilian independence the force received many names and underwent various reorganisations. It was involved in several wars and campaigns: the War of the Independence of Brazil, conflicts in the River Plate basin, and the Paraguayan War. During the latter the Corps won distinction in both the Battle of Riachuelo and in the taking of Humaitá.
United Nations service
The CFN if has participated in the humanitarian actions promoted by UN in such diverse theatres of operation as Bosnia, Honduras, Mozambique, Rwanda, Angola, East Timor and currently in Haiti (MINUSTAH).
The Corps today
Staff and mission
With about 15,000 men, all volunteers, professionals in combat on land, air and sea, its mission is to guarantee the projection of the naval power on land, by means of landings from Navy ships and helicopters. The Corps is an integral part of the Navy, encompassing about one third of its manpower. Ranks are naval instead of Army, with the exception of Privates, who are called Soldados (Soldiers).
In the case of Brazil this is a complex mission, since the country has a territory of about 8,5 million km² (3.28 million sq. miles), a coast of more than Шаблон:Convert with many oceanic islands, and a navigable waterways network of approximately Шаблон:Convert. This last one includes the Brazilian Amazon. To cover climates and natural landscapes so diversified as Pampas of Rio Grande do Sul, pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, deserts of the Northeast region and Amazon rainforest, demands a training of the highest standards, agility and versatility. Therefore, there are units trained in demolition techniques, special operations, combat in forests, mountain and ice, and helicopter-transported operations.
Trained as a Fast Deployment Unit, recently, with the sending of Brazilian military observers, also integrating the Peacekeeping Forces of the United Nations, the Marines have made their presence in distinctive areas of conflict as El Salvador, Bosnia, Angola, Moçambique, Ruanda, Peru, Ecuador, East Timor and currently Haiti.
On March 30, 2014 security forces in Rio de Janeiro occupied since the dawn of that day, the set of Shantytown Tide in the North Zone of Rio. Region is being prepared to receive the Pacifying Police Unit (UPP), Brazilian Marine Corps will provide support with 21 armored vehicles and 500 men.
Organization
The Corps headquarters is located in Fortaleza de São José, Ilha das Cobras, Rio de Janeiro.
Fleet Marine Force
The Fleet Marine Force (Força de Fuzileiros da Esquadra (FFE), literally Squadron Riflemen Force) includes the expeditionary component of the corps and consists of the following units:
- 1st Amphibious Division (Divisão Anfíbia (DivAnf)) of brigade size with three marine infantry battalions (Batalhão de Fuzileiros Navais (BFN) as its main fighting force, along with the following:
- Command and Control Battalion (Batalhão de Comando e Controle),
- 1st "Riachuelo" Marine Infantry Battalion (BFN)
- 2nd "Humaitá" Marine Infantry Battalion (BFN)
- 3rd "Paissandu" Marine Infantry Battalion (BFN)
- Marine Artillery Battalion (Batalhão de Artilharia de Fuzileiros Navais)
- Marine Armoured Vehicle Battalion (Batalhão de Blindados)
- Marine Tactical Air Control and Air Defence Battalion (Batalhão de Controle Aerotático e Defesa Antiaérea)
- Governor's Island Marine Base (Base de Fuzileiros Navais da Ilha do Governador),
- Reinforcement Troop (Tropa de Reforço (TrRef)) located in Ilha das Flores in São Gonçalo (RJ), composed of the following:
- Marine Engineer Battalion (Batalhão de Engenharia de Fuzileiros Navais),
- Marine Logistic Battalion (Batalhão Logístico de Fuzileiros Navais),
- Amphibious Vehicles Battalion (Batalhão de Viaturas Anfíbias),
- Police Company (Companhia de Polícia)
- Landing Support Company (Apoio ao Desembarque)
- Isle of Flowers Marine Base (Base de Fuzileiros Navais da Ilha das Flores),
- Landing Troop Command (Comando da Tropa de Desembarque (ComTrDbq)), located at Duque de Caxias (RJ) - provides the means to command, control and administer the Command of the Fleet Marine Force and to also local units
- Marine Special Operations Battalion "Tonelero" (Batalhão de Operações Especiais de Fuzileiros Navais (Batalhão Tonelero)) A unit similar to US Marine Corps Raiders, formed in 1957 and structured for high risk operations. Its mission is to destroy or damage prominent objectives in heavily defended areas, capture or rescue personnels or equipment, seize installations, obtain information, mislead and produce psychological effects.
- Rio Meriti Marine Base (Base de Fuzileiros Navais do Rio Meriti (BFNRM)), located in Duque de Caxias (RJ)
- ships detachments
Regional Forces
"Marine Groups" (Grupamentos de Fuzileiros Navais (GptFN) are subordinate to the Naval Districts (Distritos Navais), for the security of naval installations, as well as performing operations in support of the Naval District where they are assigned, while the 7th Marine Group is also tasked for public duties in the Brasilia area. They are located in the vicinity of the local Naval District headquarters. GptFNs are small-sized Marine battalions.
Three of the GptFNs have been expanded into Batalhoes de Operacoes Ribeirinhas (Riverine Operations Battalions) or BtlOpRibs consisting of a Command and Services Company, 3 Marine Companies, and a Combat Support Company.
- GptFN at Rio de Janeiro, RJ (1st DN)
- GptFN at Salvador, Bahia (2nd DN)
- GptFN at Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (3rd DN)
- 2nd BtlOpRib at Belém, Pará (4th DN)
- GptFN at Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul (5th DN)
- 3rd BtlOpRib at Ladário, Mato Grosso do Sul (6th DN)
- GptFN at Brasília, Distrito Federal (7th DN)
- GptFN at São Paulo, São Paulo (8tht DN) (in formation[2])
- 1st BtlOpRib, Manaus, Amazonas (9th DN)
Music
Musical support is rendered by the Central Band of the Marine Corps and the Marine Pipes, Drum and Bugle Corps in Rio de Janeiro (1st ND), the Brasilia Marine Corps Band (7th Naval District) and by the Marine Bands of each of the other Naval Districts.
Central Band of the Marine Corps
The Central Band of the Brazilian Marine Corps is the concert band unit of the CFN. Also known by its other name, the Symphonic Band of the CFN, it is the premier band of the CFN and is the senior most concert band in the armed forces. Their performances are marked by a balanced mix of popular and classical, as well as instrumental and sung songs. It is composed of two officers (the Director of Music and Bandmaster) and 118 military musicians who are NCOs. The band was created in the 1970s and belongs to the Band Company of the Naval Battalion, located at São José Fortress on Cobras Island, Rio de Janeiro.[3]
Pipes, Drum and Bugle Corps
The Pipes, Drum and Bugle Corps is the official marching band of the CFN and one of the only field bands in service in the Brazilian Navy. Although it is based in Rio de Janeiro, it has taken part in all parades held in the federal capital of Brasilia, since 1960. It is notable for its use of the bagpipe, bugles, marching percussion, and the Turkish crescent in its ranks. The BMPDC has been deployed to many countries in its 100-year history, such as the United Kingdom to take part in the Coronation of Elizabeth II and France in 2005 for the Bastille Day military parade. It has also taken part in many domestic events such as the 2011 Military World Games and the 2016 Summer Olympics. The pipe portion of the BMPDC has been trained by pipe units and institutions in the United Kingdom such as the Army School of Bagpipe Music and Highland Drumming.
Methods
To fulfill its missions, the Marines land off the ships of the Brazilian Navy, be it using landing boats, amphibious vehicles or helicopters. For this, they count on the support of the navy and/or sea and air support.
On land, it operates its normal way, which includes tanks, field artillery, antiaircraft artillery, combat engineering, communications and electronic warfare.
Training
New recruits to the Corps must pass a rigorous physical training program, normally with many runs, calisthenics, sleep deprivation, swimming while holding their breath, practice shooting with diverse armaments, especially metal rings, rappeling and, in some cases, combat simulations, and when they passed all these then they achieve primary qualification as soldiers of the Corps and thus capable to fulfill the missions and responsibilities assigned to the Corps.
Uniforms
The Brazilian Marines wear the variation of the Brazilian Lizard Pattern, known as navy lizard. Vests: The marines for a long time used the IBA "Interceptor body armor" in woodland, but they are now being replaced by Eagle industries Maritime Ciras with Woodland Cover, and Black for SOF. For the Comandos Anfibios is also issued a green version and black version of the WTC Recon Plate Carrier. Boot: They use Atlas Atalaia combat boots, in coffee brown.
Ranks
Шаблон:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armed Forces/OF/BlankШаблон:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/BrazilGallery
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Brazilian Marines during the Constitutionalist Revolution in 1932.
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Brazilian Marines fighting communists during the communist putsch of 1935.
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Brazilian Marines in 1964.
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Brazilian marines protection in response to chemical emergencies
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Brazilian marines demonstrate lane training
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A Marine stands guard as NDCC Almirante Saboia docks in Port-au-Prince during MINUSTAH, 2013.
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Marines corps in riverine operations.
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Brazilian AAV amphibious vehicle in action
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Landing ship dock amphibious vehicles.
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Rocket artillery in Brazilian Marines Corps
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Marines on patrol boat for river
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Brazilian naval infantry
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Brazilian Marines in landing exercise
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Members of the Brazilian Marine Corps Special Operations Battalion
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Members of the Brazilian Marine Corps
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Two members of the command amphibious operations
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SOF Brazilian Marines
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SK-105 Kürassier.
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Brazilian marines during operation formosa 2020
Main Equipment
Light tank
| Equipment | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SK-105 Kürassier | Шаблон:Flagcountry | Light tank | SK 105A2S 4KH7FA |
16 1 |
To be replaced by 2032 with 8×8 armoured fighting vehicles, a tracked vehicle, or a mixed fleet of both. [4]
Only around half of the acquired tanks remain in service. |
Файл:16 08 2021 Demonstração Operativa por ocasião da Operação Formosa - 2021 (51383614195).jpg |
Infantry fighting vehicles
| Equipment | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAV-7A1 | Шаблон:USA | Armoured personnel carrier/Assault Amphibious | AAV-7A1 LVTP-7A1 LVTC-7A1 LVTR-7A1 |
21 22 3 3 |
To be replaced [5] | Файл:16 08 2021 Demonstração Operativa por ocasião da Operação Formosa - 2021 (51383343004).jpg |
| M113 | Шаблон:USA | Armored personnel carrier | M113A1 M125A1 M577A1 XM806E1 M113A1G |
24 2 2 1 1 |
Файл:Apoio logístico da Marinha do Brasil às polícias do Rio de Janeiro em operação de ocupação do Complexo da Maré, no Rio. (13536059193).jpg | |
| Mowag Piranha 8x8 | Шаблон:Flagcountry | Armoured personnel carrier/reconnaissance | APC comand post ARV ambulance |
25 2 2 1 |
Файл:16 08 2021 Demonstração Operativa por ocasião da Operação Formosa - 2021 (51383614375).jpg | |
| Oshkosh L-ATV | Шаблон:USA | Light tactical vehicle | JLTV | 8 | 12 on order, deliveries from 2022 | Файл:JLTV CFN.jpg |
Artillery
| Equipment | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTROS | Шаблон:BRA | Multiple Launch Rocket System | AV-LMU AV-RMD AV-PCC AV-MET AV-OFVE |
6 3 1 1 1 |
Known as ASTROS FN to Marine Corps | Файл:Operação Formosa 2014 (15481886779).jpg |
| M114 | Шаблон:USA | Howitzer | M114A1 | 6 | 155mm. Study in progress for replacement by the M777 howitzer. | Файл:USArmy M114 howitzer.jpg |
| L118 light gun | Шаблон:UK | Howitzer | L118 | 18 | 105mm. | Файл:Australian gunners Afghanistan March 2009.jpg |
| Soltam K6 | Шаблон:ISR | Mortar | K-6A3 | 6 | 120mm | Файл:Soldiers firing a M120 120mm mortar (Iraq).jpg |
| M29 mortar | Шаблон:USA | Mortar | M29 A1 | 100 | 81mm | Файл:Mortar M29.jpg |
| Brandt | Шаблон:FRA | Mortar | Brandt | ? | 60mm | Файл:60 mm Brandt M1935 Bucharest.jpg |
| Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70 | Шаблон:SWE | Autocannon AA | Bofors 40 mm | 6 | 40mm. Using the radar Bandvagn 206 | Файл:Operação Formosa 2014 (15482565777).jpg |
Anti-aircraft missiles
| Equipment | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mistral | Шаблон:FRA | Anti-aircraft missiles | Surface-to-air missile | 24 systems | Using the radar Bandvagn 206 | Файл:AEd-Mistral1 (26560144610).jpg |
| RBS 70 | Шаблон:SWE | Anti-aircraft missiles | Man-portable air-defense system | 12 systems | Using the radar Saber M-60 | Файл:RBS70.jpg |
Radar
| Equipment | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saber Radar | Шаблон:BRA | Saber M-60 | Air defense radar | 1 | Файл:Operação Formosa 2014 (15482370228).jpg | |
| Bandvagn 206 with Giraffe radar 50AT | Шаблон:SWE | BV-206D tractor | Air defense radar | 1 | Файл:Bv-206S del Ejército Español.JPG |
Vehicles
| Name | Type | Quantity | Origin | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrale Marruá | Light Utility Vehicle | 450 | Шаблон:BRA | Файл:CFN (6124934785).jpg | |
| Land Rover Defender | Light Utility Vehicle | 257 | Шаблон:UK | Файл:CFN (6109791469).jpg | |
| Land Rover Wolf | Light Utility Vehicle | 100 | Шаблон:UK | Файл:Forças armadas já estão operando nas ruas e avenidas do Rio - 36063444332.jpg | |
| Land Rover Discovery | Administrative Vehicle | 60 | Шаблон:UK | Файл:Land Rover (7908112978).jpg | |
| Toyota Bandeirante | Light Utility Vehicle | 270 | Шаблон:BRA | Файл:Black Toyota Land Cruiser (40 series).jpg | |
| Unimog 4x4 and 6x6 | Truck | 248 | Шаблон:GER | Файл:CFN (4960801882).jpg | |
| Unimog 5000 4x4 | Truck | 6 | Шаблон:GER | 90 on order | |
| MBB 1720 4x4 | Truck | 200 | Шаблон:BRA | Файл:Forças Armadas iniciam operação especial para os Jogos (28239162660) (cropped).jpg | |
| MBB 1725/42 4x4 | Truck | 122 | Шаблон:BRA | Файл:Uroczystość przekazania WP pierwszej partii niemieckich czołgów Leopard 2 A6.jpg | |
| MBB LAK1418 4x4 | Truck | 120 | Шаблон:BRA | ||
| M35 Reo 6x6 | Medium Truck | 56 | Шаблон:USA | Файл:Bombardier MLVW towing howitzer.jpg |
Unmanned aerial vehicle
| Name | Type | Quantity | Origin | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carcara UAV | UAV | 40 | Шаблон:BRA | Файл:FotosCarcara.jpg | |
| Carcara II | UAV | 2 | Шаблон:BRA | ||
| Horus FT-100 | UAV | 2 | Шаблон:BRA | Файл:Horus 1 - Passagem Baixa.jpg | |
| Aeromot K1AM | target drone | ? | Шаблон:BRA/Шаблон:UK | Файл:Operação Formosa 2015 (22675721784).jpg | |
| Meggitt Banshee | target drone | ? | Шаблон:UK | Файл:Meggitt Banshees.jpg | |
| Mavic | UAV | +20 | Шаблон:CHN | Файл:DJI Mavic Pro (32613533582).jpg |
Motorcycle
| Name | Type | Quantity | Origin | Notes | Photo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harley-Davidson Road King Police | Escort Motorcycle | ? | Шаблон:USA | used by Battalion of Naval Police | Файл:Polícia da Aeronáutica (4968439321).jpg |
Individual weapons and equipment
Pistols
| Origin | Model | Caliber | Type | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:AUT | Glock 17 | 9×19mm (Used by SOF) | Semi-automatic pistol | Файл:Glock 17 MOD 45154998.jpg |
| Шаблон:BRA | Taurus PT-92 | 9×19mm (Standard issue) | Semi-automatic pistol | Файл:A o Simples.JPG |
| Шаблон:BRA | Taurus PT24/7 | 9×19mm (Used by SOF) | Semi-automatic pistol | Файл:Taurus-PT24-p1030114.jpg |
Submachine guns
| Origin | Model | Caliber | Type | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:ITA/Шаблон:BRA | Beretta M12 | 9×19mm (Standard isse) (Known as MT-12) | Submachine gun | Файл:Beretta mod12s scheda.jpg |
| Шаблон:GER | MP5 | 9×19mm (Used by SOF) | Submachine gun | Файл:MP5.jpg |
| Шаблон:ISR | Mini-Uzi | 9×19mm (Used by SOF) | Machine pistol | Файл:Minuzi200.jpg |
Rifles
| Origin | Model | Caliber | Type | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:USA | M16A2/A4 | 5.56×45mm | Assault rifle | Файл:M16A2 Rifle with M203 Grenade Launcher (7414627064).jpg |
| Шаблон:USA | M4 | 5.56×45mm | Carbine | Файл:PEO M4 Carbine RAS M68 CCO.png |
| Шаблон:UK | Parker Hale M85 | 7.62×51mm | Sniper rifle | Файл:Parker Hale M85 prickskyttegevär - Armémuseum.jpg |
| Шаблон:FRA | PGM Hécate II | 12.7×99mm | Anti-material rifle | Файл:PGM-Hecate-seul-img 1008.jpg |
Machine guns
| Origin | Model | Caliber | Type | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:USA | M2 Browning machine gun | 12.7×99mm | Heavy machine gun | Файл:M2 Browning, Musée de l'Armée.jpg |
| Шаблон:Flag/Шаблон:BRA | FN MAG M971 | 7.62×51mm | General-purpose machine gun | Файл:Kulspruta 58 001.jpg |
| Шаблон:Flag | FN Minimi | 5.56×45mm | Light machine gun | Файл:FN MINIMI Standard Right.jpg |
Grenade launchers
| Origin | Model | Caliber | Type | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:USA | Mk19 | 40 mm | Automatic grenade launcher | Файл:MK19-02.jpg |
| Шаблон:USA | M203 grenade launcher | 40×46mm | Grenade launcher | Файл:PEO M203A2 Grenade Launcher.png |
Anti-armor
| Origin | Model | Caliber | Type | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:SWE | AT4 | 84mm (To be replaced by the national ALAC) | Anti-tank recoilless gun | |
| Шаблон:BRA | ALAC (Arma Leve Anticarro) | 84mm (Going into mass production in 2012. Replacing the AT4) | Anti-tank weapon | Файл:ALAC2.JPG |
| Шаблон:SWE | BILL | 130mm | Anti-tank missile | |
| Шаблон:BRA | MSS-1.2 | 130mm | Anti-tank missile |
Historical equipment
| Equipment | Origin | Employee year | QTD | Notes | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EE-9 Cascavel | Шаблон:BRA | 1979-2000 | 6 | Armoured car | |
| EE-11 Urutu | Шаблон:BRA | 1976-2000 | 5 | Armored personnel carrier | |
| EE-34 | Шаблон:BRA | 1970-1996 | 50 | Pickup truck | |
| EE-14 | Шаблон:BRA | 1970-1999 | ? | Truck | |
| DUKW | Шаблон:USA | 1970-1987 | 34 | Amphibious transport | |
| Ford GPA | Шаблон:USA | 1950-1985 | ? | Amphibious transport | |
| Mosquefal | Шаблон:BRA | 1968-2000 | ? | Service rifle | |
| FN FAL | Шаблон:BEL/Шаблон:BRA | 1970-2000 | ? | Battle rifle | |
| Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) | Шаблон:BEL/Шаблон:USA | 1945-1970 | ? | Automatic rifle | |
| Madsen machine gun | Шаблон:DEN/Шаблон:BRA | 1946-1980 | ? | Light machine gun | |
| INA Model 953 | Шаблон:BRA | 1950-1990 | ? | Sub machine gun | |
| Mekanika Uru | Шаблон:BRA | 1970-1990 | ? | Sub machine gun |
See also
References
External links
- Шаблон:Official website (in Portuguese only)
- Fleet Marine Force website (in Portuguese only)
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Английская Википедия
- Commands of the Brazilian Armed Forces
- Brazilian Navy
- Special Landing Forces of the Imperial Brazilian Navy
- Marines
- Military units and formations established in 1808
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
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