Английская Википедия:Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox award
The Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics is one of the Breakthrough Prizes, awarded by the Breakthrough Prize Board. Initially named Fundamental Physics Prize,[1] it was founded in July 2012 by Russia-born Israeli entrepreneur, venture capitalist and physicist Yuri Milner. The prize is awarded to physicists from theoretical, mathematical, or experimental physics that have made transformative contributions to fundamental physics,[2] and specifically for recent advances.[3]
Worth USD$3 million, the prize is the most lucrative physics prize in the world[4][5] and is more than twice the amount given to the Nobel Prize awardees.[6]
Unlike the annual Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, the Special Breakthrough Prize is not limited to recent discoveries, while the prize money is still USD$3 million.[7]
Physics Frontiers Prize has only been awarded for 2 years. Laureates are automatically nominated for next year's Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics. If they are not awarded the prize the next year, they will each receive USD$300,000 and be automatically nominated for the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in the next 5 years.[8]
Laureates
The following is a listing of the laureates, by year (including Special Prize winners).
New Horizons in Physics Prize
The New Horizons in Physics Prize, awarded to promising junior researchers, carries an award of $100,000.[24]
Year of award | New Horizons in Physics Prize laureates |
Awarded for | Institutional affiliation when prize awarded |
---|---|---|---|
2013 | Niklas Beisert | Development of powerful exact methods to describe a quantum gauge theory and its associated string theory | ETH Zurich |
Davide Gaiotto | Far-reaching new insights about duality, gauge theory, and geometry, and specially for his work linking theories in different dimensions in most unexpected ways | Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics | |
Zohar Komargodski[25] | Dynamics of four-dimensional field theories and in particular his proof (with Schwimmer) of the “a-theorem”, which has solved a long-standing problem | Weizmann Institute of Science | |
2014 | Freddy Cachazo | Uncovering numerous structures underlying scattering amplitudes in gauge theories and gravity | Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics |
Shiraz Minwalla | Pioneering contributions to the study of string theory and quantum field theory; and in particular his work on the connection between the equations of fluid dynamics and Albert Einstein's equations of general relativity | Tata Institute of Fundamental Research | |
Slava Rychkov | Developing new techniques in conformal field theory, reviving the conformal bootstrap program for constraining the spectrum of operators and the structure constants in 3D and 4D CFT's | Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University | |
2015 | Sean Hartnoll | For applying holographic methods to obtain remarkable new insights into strongly interacting quantum matter. | Stanford University |
Philip C. Schuster and Natalia Toro | For pioneering the “simplified models” framework for new physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as spearheading new experimental searches for dark sectors using high-intensity electron beams. | Perimeter Institute | |
Horacio Casini | For fundamental ideas about entropy in quantum field theory and quantum gravity. | CONICET | |
Marina Huerta | Universidad Nacional de Cuyo | ||
Shinsei Ryu | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | ||
Tadashi Takayanagi | Kyoto University | ||
2016 | B. Andrei Bernevig | For outstanding contributions to condensed matter physics, especially involving the use of topology to understand new states of matter. | Princeton University |
Xiao-Liang Qi | Stanford University | ||
Raphael Flauger | For outstanding contributions to theoretical cosmology. | The University of Texas at Austin | |
Leonardo Senatore | Stanford University | ||
Liang Fu | For outstanding contributions to condensed matter physics, especially involving the use of topology to understand new states of matter. | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | |
Yuji Tachikawa | For penetrating and incisive studies of supersymmetric quantum field theories. | University of Tokyo | |
2017 | Frans Pretorius | For creating the first computer code capable of simulating the inspiral and merger of binary black holes, thereby laying crucial foundations for interpreting the recent observations of gravitational waves; and for opening new directions in numerical relativity. | Princeton University |
Simone Giombi | For imaginative joint work on higher spin gravity and its holographic connection to a new soluble field theory. | Princeton University | |
Xi Yin | Harvard University | ||
Asimina Arvanitaki | For pioneering a wide range of new experimental probes of fundamental physics. | Perimeter Institute | |
Peter W. Graham | Stanford University | ||
Surjeet Rajendran | University of California, Berkeley | ||
2018 | Christopher Hirata | For fundamental contributions to understanding the physics of early galaxy formation and to sharpening and applying the most powerful tools of precision cosmology | Ohio State University |
Douglas Stanford | For profound new insights on quantum chaos and its relation to gravity. | Institute for Advanced Study and Stanford University | |
Andrea Young | For the co-invention of van der Waals heterostructures, and for the new quantum Hall phases that he discovered with them. | University of California, Santa Barbara | |
2019 | Rana Adhikari | For research on present and future ground-based detectors of gravitational waves. | California Institute of Technology |
Lisa Barsotti and Matthew Evans | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | ||
Daniel Harlow | For fundamental insights about quantum information, quantum field theory, and gravity. | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | |
Daniel L. Jafferis | Harvard University | ||
Aron Wall | Stanford University | ||
Brian Metzger | For pioneering predictions of the electromagnetic signal from a neutron star merger, and for leadership in the emerging field of multi-messenger astronomy. | Columbia University | |
2020 | Xie Chen | For incisive contributions to the understanding of topological states of matter and the relationships between them. | California Institute of Technology |
Lukasz Fidkowski | University of Washington | ||
Michael Levin | University of Chicago | ||
Max A. Metlitski | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | ||
Jo Dunkley | For the development of novel techniques to extract fundamental physics from astronomical data. | Princeton University | |
Samaya Nissanke | University of Amsterdam | ||
Kendrick Smith | Perimeter Institute | ||
Simon Caron-Huot | For profound contributions to the understanding of quantum field theory. | McGill University | |
Pedro Vieira | Perimeter Institute and ICTP-SAIFR | ||
2021 | Tracy Slatyer | For major contributions to particle astrophysics, from models of dark matter to the discovery of the “Fermi Bubbles.” | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Rouven Essig | For advances in the detection of sub-GeV dark matter especially in regards to the SENSEI experiment. | Stony Brook University | |
Javier Tiffenberg | Fermilab | ||
Tomer Volansky | Tel Aviv University | ||
Tien-Tien Yu | University of Oregon | ||
Ahmed Almheiri | For calculating the quantum information content of a black hole and its radiation. | Institute for Advanced Study | |
Netta Engelhardt | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | ||
Henry Maxfield | University of California, Santa Barbara | ||
Geoff Penington | University of California, Berkeley | ||
2022[21] | Suchitra Sebastian | For high precision electronic and magnetic measurements that have profoundly changed our understanding of high temperature superconductors and unconventional insulators. | University of Cambridge |
Alessandra Corsi | For leadership in laying foundations for electromagnetic observations of sources of gravitational waves, and leadership in extracting rich information from the first observed collision of two neutron stars. | Texas Tech University | |
Gregg Hallinan | California Institute of Technology | ||
Mansi Manoj Kasliwal | California Institute of Technology | ||
Raffaella Margutti | University of California, Berkeley | ||
Dominic Else | For pioneering theoretical work formulating novel phases of non-equilibrium quantum matter, including time crystals. | Harvard University | |
Vedika Khemani | Stanford University | ||
Haruki Watanabe | University of Tokyo | ||
Norman Y. Yao | University of California, Berkeley | ||
2023[22] | David Simmons-Duffin | For the development of analytical and numerical techniques to study conformal field theories, including the ones describing the liquid vapor critical point and the superfluid phase transition. | California Institute of Technology |
Anna Grassellino | For the discovery of major performance enhancements to niobium superconducting radio-frequency cavities, with applications ranging from accelerator physics to quantum devices. | Fermilab | |
Hannes Bernien | For the development of optical tweezer arrays to realize control of individual atoms for applications in quantum information science, metrology, and molecular physics. | University of Chicago | |
Manuel Endres | California Institute of Technology | ||
Adam M. Kaufman | JILA | ||
Kang-Kuen Ni | Harvard University | ||
Hannes Pichler | University of Innsbruck Austrian Academy of Sciences | ||
Jeff Thompson | Princeton University | ||
2024[23] | Michael Johnson | For elucidating the sub-structure and universal characteristics of black hole photon rings, and their proposed detection by next-generation interferometric experiments. | Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |
Alexandru Lupsasca | Vanderbilt University | ||
Mikhail Ivanov | For contributions to our understanding of the large-scale structure of the universe and the development of new tools to extract fundamental physics from galaxy surveys. | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | |
Oliver Philcox | Columbia University and Simons Foundation | ||
Marko Simonović | University of Florence | ||
Laura M. Pérez | For the prediction, discovery, and modeling of dust traps in young circumstellar disks, solving a long-standing problem in planet formation. | University of Chile | |
Paola Pinilla | University College London | ||
Nienke van der Marel | Leiden Observatory | ||
Til Birnstiel | Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich |
Trophy
The Fundamental Physics Prize trophy, a work of art created by Danish-Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson,[26] is a silver sphere with a coiled vortex inside. The form is a toroid, or doughnut shape, resulting from two sets of intertwining three-dimensional spirals. Found in nature, these spirals are seen in animal horns, nautilus shells, whirlpools, and even galaxies and black holes.[27]
Ceremony
The name of the 2013 prize winner was unveiled at the culmination of a ceremony which took place on the evening of March 20, 2013 at the Geneva International Conference Centre.[28] The ceremony was hosted by Hollywood actor and science enthusiast Morgan Freeman.[29] The evening honored the 2013 laureates − 16 outstanding scientists including Stephen Hawking[30] and CERN scientists who led the decades-long effort to discover the Higgs-like particle at the Large Hadron Collider.[31] Sarah Brightman and Russian pianist Denis Matsuev performed for the guests of the ceremony.
Criticism
Some have expressed reservations about such new science mega-prizes.[32]
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Breakthrough Prize laureates
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Laureates 2019
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Laureates 2020
- ↑ Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics 2021
- ↑ Special Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics 2021
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics 2022
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 23,0 23,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ The Breakthrough Prize trophy.
- ↑ Press Release http://www.fundamentalphysicsprize.org/news/news4 Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite AV media
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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