Английская Википедия:Brian S. Hartley

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox scientistBrian Selby Hartley (16 April 1926 – 3 May 2021)[1] FRS[2] was a British biochemist. He was Professor of Biochemistry at Imperial College London from 1974 to 1991.[2][3]

Education

Hartley was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1947 followed by a Master of Arts degree in 1952.[4] He moved to the University of Leeds where he was awarded a PhD in 1952[5] for research supervised by Malcolm Dixon and Bernard A. Kilby.[6][3]

Career and research

From 1952 to 1964, Hartley pioneered work on the sequence and mechanism of the enzyme chymotrypsin in Cambridge, and developed the use of paper chromatography to separate amino acids and peptides — an essential part of protein characterisation at that time.[7][8] In 1965, he became a founding member of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), and collaborated with David Mervyn Blow[9] in determining the structure and mechanism of chymotrypsin, as part of extensive work on chymotrypsin and related enzymes.[10][11][12] [13] [14] His group also showed that mammalian serine proteases, including the blood clotting cascade, had homologous structures and mechanisms, indicating a common evolutionary origin.[15] Hartley also studied other enzymes, such as aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (with Alan Fersht),[16][17] xylose isomerase[18] and glucose isomerase.[19]

In 1974, Hartley became Head of the Department of Biochemistry at Imperial College London, converting it into a centre for molecular biology. In 1982, he conceived the need for a discipline – biotechnology – to exploit molecular biology breakthroughs. He left the Department of Biochemistry to set up Imperial's Centre for Biotechnology, and became a founding board member of Biogen – the longest surviving genetic engineering company. Since then, Hartley has founded companies to make cheap bioethanol from waste hemicellulosic biomass, using genetically engineered compost heap microorganisms.[2]

Awards and honours

Hartley was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1971.[2] His certificate of election reads: Шаблон:Centred pull quote

References

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Шаблон:Cite web One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: Шаблон:Blockquote
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок whoswho не указан текст
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite thesis
  6. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок tree не указан текст
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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