Английская Википедия:Bruce Weber (photographer)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox person
Bruce Weber (born March 29, 1946) is an American fashion photographer[1] and occasional filmmaker.[2] He has made ad campaigns for Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren,[3] Pirelli, Abercrombie & Fitch, Revlon, and Gianni Versace, and made work for Vogue, GQ, Vanity Fair, Elle, Life, Interview, and Rolling Stone magazines.
Life and work
Weber was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, to a Jewish family.[4] His fashion photography first appeared in the late 1970s in GQ magazine, where he had frequent cover photos. Nan Bush, his longtime companion and agent, was able to secure a contract with Federated Department Stores to shoot the 1978 Bloomingdales mail catalog. He came to the attention of the general public in the late 1980s and early 1990s with his advertising images for Calvin Klein.[5] He was first approached by Klein to work on an underwear campaign, and Weber took inspiration from Herbert List's shoot in Santorini.[6] His straightforward black-and-white shots, featuring an unclothed woman and man on a swing facing each other, two clothed men in bed, and model Marcus Schenkenberg suggestively holding jeans in front of himself in a shower, catapulted them both into the national spotlight.[6][7] His photograph for Calvin Klein of Olympic athlete Tom Hintnaus in white briefs is an iconic image.[8][9] He photographed the winter 2006 Ralph Lauren Collection.
Some of Weber's earliest fashion photography appeared in the SoHo Weekly News and featured a spread of men wearing only underwear. The photos became the center of controversy and Weber was told by some that he would never find work as a fashion photographer again. This reputation stuck with him as he says: "I don't really work editorially in a large number of magazines because a lot of magazines don't want my kind of photographs. It's too risky for them."[10][5][11]
After doing photo shoots for and of famous people (many of whom were featured in Andy Warhol's Interview magazine), Weber made short films of teenage boxers (Broken Noses),[2][12] his beloved pet dogs, and later, a longer film entitled Chop Suey.[13][14] He directed Let's Get Lost, a 1988 documentary about jazz trumpeter Chet Baker.[15][16]
Weber's photographs are occasionally in color; however, most are in black and white or shades of a tone.[2] They appear in compilations in books including A House is Not a Home[17] as well as Bear Pond and Gentle Giants. The latter two are books of his photographs of his pet dogs.[18]
Weber began collaborating with crooner Chris Isaak in the mid-1980s, photographing Isaak in 1986 for his second album, Chris Isaak. In 1988, Weber photographed a shirtless Isaak in bed for a fashion spread in Rolling Stone.[19] Isaak appeared in Let's Get Lost and Weber has directed a music video for Isaak. Weber photographed Harry Connick, Jr. for his 1991 album Blue Light, Red Light. In 1993, Weber photographed singer-songwriter Jackson Browne for his 1993 album I'm Alive.
Filmmaking
Шаблон:BLP unreferenced section Weber's cinematic works—including his four feature-length films—often begin with a photo sitting. While he was photographing the Olympic hopefuls for Interview Magazine in 1984, Weber met Andy Minsker, a young boxer from Oregon, and started interviewing him on camera.[20] While he originally intended to make a short to accompany an exhibition he was opening in Paris, Weber became very excited when he reviewed the dailies and decided to continue the story.[20] Broken Noses (1987), the resulting feature documentary, was nominated for the Grand Jury Award at Sundance in 1988.[20]
As Weber was completing work on Broken Noses, he met the jazz trumpeter and vocalist Chet Baker and began filming him, again with a mind to creating a short film based on their portrait sitting.[20] But filming with Baker continued right through the presentation of Broken Noses in Cannes that year—with Weber ultimately assembling the footage of travel, recording sessions, and interviews into his second feature, Let's Get Lost (1988). The film debuted in Venice (where it won the Cinecritica award) and was subsequently nominated for a Grand Jury Award at Sundance, and for an Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.[20]
Chop Suey, a kaleidoscopic portrait of the wrestler Peter Johnson, was released in 2001, and the impressionistic anti-war film A Letter to True in 2004.[20] His work-in-progress Robert Mitchum feature, Nice Girls Don't Stay for Breakfast was screened at the New York Film Festival in 2017.[21] He has also directed seven short films: Beauty Brothers, Parts I-IV (1987), Backyard Movie (1991), Gentle Giants (1994), The Teddy Boys of the Edwardian Drape Society (1995), Wine and Cupcakes (2007), The Boy Artist (2008), and Liberty City is Like Paris to Me (2009).[20]
Sexual assault allegations
In December 2017, model Jason Boyce sued Weber in New York State Supreme Court, claiming sexual assault, including inappropriate touching and kissing during a 2014 casting session.[22][23] The suit also targets Jason Kanner of Soul Artist Management, which managed Boyce when the alleged assault took place, and Little Bear Inc., the production company operated by Weber's companion, Nan Bush.[24] A second model, Mark Ricketson, came forward in December 2017 alleging similar claims and joined Boyce's lawsuit against Weber.[25]
Weber has denied the allegations,[26] stating to The New York Times that the allegations were "untrue" and that he had "never touched anyone inappropriately".[27]
In January 2018, The New York Times detailed sexual assault allegations by 15 male models against Weber.[28]
In January 2019, it was reported that Weber asked to dismiss the original suit by Jason Boyce, with evidence provided that the model sent him racy photos and texts prior to and after the shoots.[29]
By 2020, the Plantiffs' cases against Weber began to face apparent setbacks, and in June 2020, Lisa Bloom, a high-powered harassment claims lawyer representing Weber's accusers in various suits, was ordered to pay Weber $28,000 in legal costs after Boyce refused to answer certain questions at a deposition.[30]
By September of 2021, the 3 cases against Weber were each either dismissed or settled with no admission or finding of guilt on Weber’s part. [31]
Personal life
Weber has been living with his girlfriend, Nan Bush, since the early 1970s. She is also his agent and one of his collaborators.[32]
In a 2002 interview he said, "I've had a lot of great romances. Men and women, I mean I feel like I can fall in love almost every day. I feel sorry for people who don't feel that."[32]
He has lived in Miami since 1998.[33][34]
Films
| Year | Title | Length | Cast |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Broken Noses | 75:00 | Andy Minsker |
| Beauty Brothers (Part I-IV) | 12:26 | Paul Dillon, Brian Dillon, Tim Dillon, Rodney Harvey, Maya Oloe | |
| 1988 | Let's Get Lost | 119:25 | Chet Baker, Chris Isaak, William Claxton, Flea, Lisa Marie, Rodney Harvey |
| 1991 | Backyard Movie | 8:55 | |
| 1994 | Gentle Giants | 14:35 | |
| 1995 | The Teddy Boys of the Edwardian Drape Society | 3:45 | Tobey Maguire |
| 2000 | Chop Suey | 94:00 | Peter Johnson, Robert Mitchum, Diana Vreeland, Frances Faye, Jan-Michael Vincent |
| 2002 | CZ Guest Documentary Project | (Work-in-progress) | |
| 2003 | A Letter to True | 78:00 | Julie Christie (narrator), Marianne Faithfull (narrator), Dirk Bogarde, Elizabeth Taylor, Paul Smith, Tully Jensen |
| 2006 | The Legend of True | 11:35 | |
| A Tribute To The Delta Society | 2:23 | ||
| Best Friends | 3:44 | ||
| 2007 | Wine and Cupcakes | 12:10 | Angela McCluskey, Paul Cantelon |
| 2008 | Looking for Chet, Again, In All The Familiar Places | 25:00 | |
| The Boy Artist | 9:00 | ||
| You Feel Me? | 3:36 | ||
| 2009 | Liberty City Is Like Paris To Me | 16:00 | |
| 2014 | Iris | 79:00 | Iris Apfel |
| 2017 | 'All-American' Documentary Series | (Work-in-progress) | |
| 2018 | Nice Girls Don't Stay For Breakfast: Robert Mitchum Documentary, Paolo Di Paolo Documentary (Work-in-progress) | (Work-in-progress) |
Music videos
In 1990, Weber directed the music video for the Pet Shop Boys single "Being Boring". He filmed a party with a diverse group of models. The video was filmed in one day by two film crews in a house on Long Island. Content including male and female nudity prevented the video from being played on MTV in the United States. In 1996 he directed the video for the Pet Shop Boys single "Se a vida é (That's the Way Life Is)" on location in a Wet 'n' Wild, a water park near Orlando, Florida. In 2002, he again directed a Pet Shop Boys video, for the song "I Get Along" from the album Release. Weber filmed this video on location at his own Little Bear studio in New York City. He also directed the music video for the Chris Isaak song "Blue Spanish Sky".
| Year | Song Title | Length | Artist | Album |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Everything Happens to Me | 3:42 | Chet Baker | Let's Get Lost (Soundtrack album) |
| 1990 | Being Boring | 4:55 | Pet Shop Boys | Behaviour |
| 1991 | Blue Spanish Sky | 4:13 | Chris Isaak | Wicked Game |
| 1996 | Se a vida é (That's the Way Life Is) | 4:50 | Pet Shop Boys | Bilingual |
| 2002 | I Get Along | 5:46 | Pet Shop Boys | Release |
| Light My Fire | 3:44 | Will Young | From Now On |
Awards and nominations
| Year | Organization | Award |
|---|---|---|
| 1984 | Council of Fashion Designers of America | Achievement in Photography |
| American Society of Magazines | Photographers' Fashion Photographer of the Year | |
| 1985 | Council of Fashion Designers of America | Achievement in Photography, International Film & TV Festivals on New York, Silver Medal |
| Art Directors Club Annual Exhibition | Merit Award in 2 categories | |
| 1986 | Clio Awards | Recognition in Apparel |
| Fashion Video Awards | Best Children's Wear Video | |
| 1988 | Art Directors Club Annual Exhibition | Bronze Medal for Beauty Brothers I-IV |
| Cannes International Advertising Film Festival | Silver Lion for Beauty Brothers I-IV | |
| International Documentary Association | Award for Broken Noses | |
| Venice Film Festival, | The Critics Award for Let's Get Lost | |
| 1989 | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences | Academy Award nomination for Let's Get Lost |
| International Documentary Association | Award for Let's Get Lost | |
| 1990 | Woolmark Award | Woolmark Award for Men's Fashion |
| Music Week magazine | Video of the Year Award for The Pet Shop Boys' video Being Boring | |
| 1994 | International Center of Photography | 10th Annual Infinity Award for applied photography for use of photography in advertising during 1993 |
| 1997 | Fragrance Foundation | Best Advertising in Print and Television for 1996 Woman's Polo Sport Fragrance |
| 1998 | F.I.F.I. Award | Best Advertising in Print and Television for Romance Fragrance |
| Life Magazine | 1st Annual Alfred Eisenstadt Award, Portrait Photography Winner | |
| 2000 | Pratt Institute of Art | Living Legend Award for Photography and Film |
| 2003 | F.I.F.I. Award | Men's Fragrance Introduction of the Year – Luxe for Polo Ralph Lauren Blue |
| F.I.F.I. Award, | Best National Advertising Campaign (Print and/or TV) in 2002 for an Established Women's Fragrance for Ralph Lauren Romance Men | |
| 2005 | International Center for Photography | Getty Images Lifetime Achievement Award |
| 2006 | Council of Fashion Designers of America | Eugenia Sheppard Award for Fashion Journalism |
| 2007 | American Society of Magazine Editors | National Magazine Award Finalist – Photo Portfolio category for W Magazine story "Welcome to Motor City" |
| 2008 | Art Director's Club | "Hall of Fame" Honoree |
| 2009 | Gordon Parks Foundation | Gordon Parks Award for Fashion Photography |
| 2011 | Guild Hall | Lifetime Achievement Award for Visual Arts |
| 2014 | F.I.F.I. Award | Best Media Campaign of the Year, Polo Red Fragrance |
| British Fashion Award (to Maison Louis Vuitton) | Best advertising campaign, Louis Vuitton "Series 2" Fashion Campaign | |
| ACRIA honoree | Honored for his longstanding commitment to the organization and the fight against AIDS |
Bibliography
Books and monographs
| Year | Title | Pages | Publisher | Genre |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | Looking Good: A Guide For Men |
Hawthorn Books (U.S.) |
by Charles Hicks; all pictures by Weber | |
| 1978 | Etre Beau: Un Guide Pour Les Hommes |
Guy Authier (France) |
French edition of Looking Good: A Guide For Men | |
| 1983 | Bruce Weber | Twelvetrees Press (U.S.) |
First monograph | |
| 1983 | The Sun and the Shade Florida Photography, 1885–1983 |
Norton Gallery West Palm Beach (U.S.) |
Exhibition catalog for an exhibit curated by Weber | |
| 1984 | Interview Magazine | Andy Warhol/Interview (U.S.) |
Special edition on American Athletes of the 1984 Olympic Games; all pictures by Weber | |
| Photographs Of Athletes | Olympus Gallery (U.K.) |
Published upon the exhibition held in London (U.K.) at the Olympus Gallery | ||
| 1986 | O Rio De Janeiro | Alfred A. Knopf (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| Summer Diary 1986 | Condé Nast (Vogue Italia) (Italy) |
Special insert of the Italian magazine Per Lui; all pictures by Weber | ||
| 1987 | The Andy Book | Doeisha Co., Ltd. (Japan) |
Monograph on Andy Minsker, star of Broken Noses | |
| Bruce Weber | Idea Books (Italy) |
Catalogue of the exhibition held in Venice (Italy) at Palazzo Fortuny | ||
| 1988 | A Film Journal by Bruce Weber | Little Bear Films (U.S.) |
Published in conjunction with the feature film Let's Get Lost | |
| 1989 | Bruce Weber | Alfred A. Knopf (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| 1990 | Bear Pond | Bulfinch Press (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| Sam Shepard by Bruce Weber | Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
Monograph on Sam Shepard starring Jessica Lange | ||
| Great Contemporary Nudes 1978–1990 |
C-Two Gallery (Japan) |
Published upon the exhibition held in Tokyo. (Box containing three books dedicated to the three participating photographers, Weber, Robert Mapplethorpe and Herb Ritts.) | ||
| 1991 | Bruce Weber | Fahey Klein Gallery Parco Exposure Gallery (U.S. / Japan) |
Published upon the exhibition held in: New York at the Fahey Klein Gallery and in Tokyo at the Parco Exposure Gallery | |
| Calvin Klein Jeans | Condé Nast (Vogue) Calvin Klein (U.S.) |
Speciale insert of Vanity Fair, all pictures by Weber | ||
| Bear Pond | Treville | Monograph | ||
| 1992 | Hotel Room With A View: Photographs by Bruce Weber | Smithsonian Institution (U.S.) |
"Photographers at Work", A Smithsonian Series | |
| 1994 | Gentle Giants | Bulfinch Press (U.S.) |
Monograph dedicated to the Newfoundland dogs | |
| No Valet Parking | Photology (Italy) |
published upon the exhibition held in Milan (Italy) at the Galleria Photology | ||
| 1996 | A House Is Not A Home | Bulfinch Press (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| You Can Take The Boy Out Of Vietnam But You Can't Take Vietnam Out Of The Boy |
Condé Nast (Vogue Italia) (Italy) |
Special insert of the Italian magazine L'Uomo Vogue published upon the exhibition Vietnam, Versace, Viaggi, Weber, held in Milan at Palazzo Reale | ||
| 1997 | Branded Youth and Other Stories | Bulfinch Press (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| Pirelli Calendar | Pirelli Tires (Italy) |
1998 Calendar, starring: Patricia Arquette • Georgina Grenville • Daryl Hannah • Shalom Harlow • Eva Herzigova • Kirsty Hume • Elaine Irwin Mellencamp • Milla Jovovich •Kiara Kabukuru • Tanga Moreau • Carolyn Murphy • Rachel Roberts • Stella Tennant and | ||
| 1998 | The Chop Suey Club | Arena Editions (U.S.) |
Monograph on Peter Johnson | |
| 1999 | Shu Fly | Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| 2000 | Stern Magazine | TeNeues Publishing Stern Portfolio (Germany) |
Spezial Fotografie Portfolio Number 22 | |
| 2001 | Roadside America | TeNeues Publishing Stern Portfolio (Germany) |
Monograph No. 22 of the "Stern Portfolio" series | |
| All-American | Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
1st book of the "All-American" series | ||
| Pirelli Calendar | Pirelli Tires (Italy) |
2003 Calendar, starring: Alessandra Ambrosio • Mariacarla Boscono • Sophie Dahl • Yamila Diaz-Rahi • Isabeli Fontana • Bridget Hall • Filippa Hamilton • Heidi Klum • Karolína Kurková • Jessica Miller • Sienna Miller • Rana Raslan • Eva Riccobono • Lisa Seiffert • Valentina Stilla • Natalia Vodianova and | ||
| 2002 | All-American II: Short Stories |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
2nd book of the "All-American" series | |
| 2003 | All-American III: Family Albums |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
3rd book of the "All-American" series | |
| Hope: A Letter To True |
Condé Nast (Vogue Italia) (Italy) |
Special insert of the Italian magazine L'Uomo Vogue | ||
| Thank Your Lucky Stars: John R. Hamilton |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
A behind the scenes look at Hollywood celebrity by Hollywood photography veteran, John R. Hamilton. Foreword by Peter Bogdanovich | ||
| 2004 | All-American IV: Otherworldly |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
4th book of the "All-American" series | |
| Stern Magazine | TeNeues Publishing Stern Portfolio (Germany) |
Spezial Fotografie Portfolio Number 38 "Home Is Where The Heart Is" | ||
| 2005 | Blood Sweat And Tears: Or How I Stopped Worrying And Learned to Love Fashion |
TeNeues Publishing (Germany) |
Monograph | |
| Filmography | Kinetique Tokyo (Japan) |
Published upon the exhibition held in Tokyo at the Original True Gallery | ||
| All-American V: Is Love Enough? |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
5th book of the "All-American" series | ||
| 2006 | Sex And Words | Visionaire (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| All-American VI: Larger Than life |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
6th book of the "All-American" series | ||
| Kate Moss Is The Girl That Got Away |
Condé Nast (Vogue Paris) (France) |
Speciale insert of the French magazine Vogue Hommes International on Kate Moss | ||
| 2007 | All-American VII: 'Til I Get It Right - An Anthem For The South |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
7th book of the "All-American" series | |
| Live Here, Rent Free | Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
Monograph | ||
| 2008 | All-American VIII: Nature's Way |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
8th book of the "All-American" series | |
| 2009 | Roberto Bolle An Athlete In Tights |
TeNeues Publishing (Germany) |
Monograph on Roberto Bolle | |
| Cartier I Love You |
TeNeues Publishing (Germany) |
Celebrating 100 Years of Cartier in America | ||
| All-American IX: A Near-Perfect World |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
9th book of the "All-American" series | ||
| 2010 | Standing Tall: Portraits of the Haitian Community in Miami, 2003–2010 |
Museum of Contemporary Art North Miami (U.S.) |
Published for the exhibition held in Miami at the Museum of Contemporary Art | |
| All-American X: Written In The Stars |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
10th book of the "All-American" series | ||
| 2011 | All-American Volume 11: Just Life |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
11th book of the "All-American" series | |
| 2012 | All-American Volume 12: A Book Of Lessons |
TeNeues Publishing (Germany) |
12th book of the "All-American" series | |
| 2013 | All-American Volume 13: Born Ready |
TeNeues Publishing (Germany) |
13th book of the "All-American" series | |
| 2014 | Detroit Has Been Good To Me | Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
Monograph | |
| All-American Volume 14: Affairs of the Heart |
TeNeues Publishing (Germany) |
14th book of the "All-American" series | ||
| 2015 | All-American Volume 15: Leap of Faith |
TeNeues Publishing (Germany) |
15th book of the "All-American" series | |
| 2016 | All-American Volume 16: Wild Blue Yonder |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
16th book of the "All-American" series | |
| Far From Home | Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
Dallas Contemporary | ||
| 2017 | All-American Volume 17: Glory Be |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
17th book of the "All-American" series | |
| 2018 | All-American Volume 18: Facing The World |
Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
18th book of the "All-American" series | |
| Azzedine Bruce Joe | Little Bear Press (U.S.) |
Foundation Azzedine Alaia | ||
| "Nice Girls Don't Stay for Breakfast" Film Journal | Little Bear Films (U.S.) |
La Rabbia | ||
| 2019 | Holiday Magazine The Egypt Issue |
Holiday Magazine (France) |
Photography capturing the essence of Egypt's people and culture |
Museums and Libraries
In addition to monographs and exhibition catalogs, he and Nan have published an independent arts journal titled All-American. All-American publishes works by artists, photographers, essayists, poets and other personalities. The subjects of the journal are sometimes already well known but just as often, the participants and subjects of All-American are noteworthy not for fame, but because their stories or accomplishments reveal something that Weber believes will resonate with readers on a deeper and more personal level. His dedication to the All-American project is motivated by a desire to connect, inspire, and support the work of emerging artists.
Weber exhibits his work in prominent museums around the world, often working closely with the curator and art director Dimitri Levas to realize his vision. Weber's most recent solo shows include "Far From Home" at Dallas Contemporary (2016), "Detroit: Bruce Weber" at the Detroit Institute of Arts (2012), and "Haiti/Little Haiti" (2010) at the Museum of Contemporary Art in North Miami.
Other books
- Rolling Stone: The Photographs, Simon & Schuster Editions (1989), pp. ??-??
- Pictures Of Peace, Alfred A. Knopf (1991), pp. ??-??
- Bruce Hainley and David Rimanelli, Shock of the Newfoundland: Bruce Weber's canine camera, "Artforum International 33" (April 1995), pp. 78–81.
- Il Tempo E La Moda, Skira; Exhibition Catalogue: "Biennale Firenze" (1996), pp. ??-??
- Gianni Versace, Rock and Royalty, Abbeville Press (February 1997), pp. ??-??
- David Leddick, The Male Nude, New York: Taschen (1998), pp. ??-??
- Pirelli Calendar 1964–2004, Rizzoli (2004), pp. ??-??
- Heel To Heal (2004), pp. ??-??
- Paintings of New York, 1800–1950 (2005), pp. ??-??
- Monica Bellucci, Rizzoli (2010), pp. ??-??
- Kate Moss, Rizzoli (2012), pp. ??-??
References
External links
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Maslin, Janet (March 24, 1989), Review/Film Festival; The History of a Musician's Disintegration, The New York Times.
- ↑ McNulty, Bernadette (May 24, 2008). "Chet Baker: 'There aren't a lot of people like Chet left'", The Daily Telegraph.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Carroll, Rosemary, "Bruce Weber" Шаблон:Webarchive, BOMB Magazine, Spring 1985. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Chris Isaak by Bruce Weber
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 20,3 20,4 20,5 20,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 Tim Adams, Mad about the boys, The Guardian, 30 June 2002
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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