Английская Википедия:Bruges dialect
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language The Bruges dialect (Standard Dutch and West Flemish: Brugs) is a West Flemish dialect used in Bruges. It is rapidly declining, being replaced with what scholars call general (rural) West Flemish.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp
Phonology
Consonants
- After Шаблон:IPA, the sequence Шаблон:IPA is realized as a velar nasal Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
- The sequence Шаблон:IPA is realized as a sequence Шаблон:IPA, rather than a syllabic Шаблон:IPA.Шаблон:Sfnp
Realization of Шаблон:IPA
According to Шаблон:Harvcoltxt, Шаблон:IPA is realized as a voiced uvular trill with little friction Шаблон:IPAblink. In the neighbouring rural area, an alveolar Шаблон:IPAblink is used.Шаблон:Sfnp
However, according to Шаблон:Harvcoltxt, the vast majority of the speakers in Bruges realize Шаблон:IPA as alveolar, not uvular.Шаблон:Sfnp
Definitely, the most common realization of Шаблон:IPA is a voiced alveolar tap Шаблон:IPAblink, which is used about four times more often than the second most common realization, which is a voiced alveolar trill Шаблон:IPAblink. The other alveolar realizations include: a voiceless alveolar trill Шаблон:IPAblink, a partially devoiced alveolar trill Шаблон:IPAblink, a voiceless alveolar fricative tap/trill Шаблон:IPA, a voiceless alveolar/postalveolar fricative Шаблон:IPA (the least common realization), a voiced alveolar/postalveolar fricative Шаблон:IPA and a voiced alveolar approximant Шаблон:IPAblink.Шаблон:Sfnp
Among the uvular realizations, he lists a voiced uvular trill Шаблон:IPAblink, a voiced uvular fricative trill Шаблон:IPAblink, a voiced uvular fricative Шаблон:IPAblink and a voiced uvular approximant Шаблон:IPAblink, among which the uvular fricative trill is the most common realization. He also lists a central vowel (which probably means Шаблон:IPAblink, Шаблон:IPAblink or both of these) and elision of Шаблон:IPA, both of which are very rare.Шаблон:Sfnp
Vowels
- In comparison with Standard Dutch, the short front vowels underwent a chain shift, so that the standard Шаблон:IPA became Шаблон:IPA. The standard Шаблон:IPA was also lowered to Шаблон:IPA, yet the standard Шаблон:IPA was left untouched.
- Among the back vowels, Шаблон:IPA are rounded, whereas Шаблон:IPA are unrounded.
- Шаблон:IPA are near-close Шаблон:IPA; Шаблон:IPA is fully front, whereas Шаблон:IPA is fully back.
- Шаблон:IPA (but not Шаблон:IPA) are rather weakly rounded Шаблон:IPA.
- Phonetically, Шаблон:IPA are mid Шаблон:IPA, whereas Шаблон:IPA are open-mid Шаблон:IPA.
- Before Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA is lowered and retracted to Шаблон:IPAblink. This feature is typical of working class speech and is nearly extinct.Шаблон:SfnpШаблон:Sfnp
| Ending point | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | |
| Close | Шаблон:IPA | ||
| Close-mid | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA |
| Open-mid | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | |
- All of the diphthongs are falling.
- Шаблон:IPA used to be pronounced as monophthongs Шаблон:IPA,Шаблон:Sfnp a realization which is rapidly regaining popularity among younger speakers.
- Traditionally, Шаблон:IPA used to have such a close first element that there was practically no distinction between Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA.
- Phonetically, Шаблон:IPA can be either Шаблон:IPA or Шаблон:IPA.
References
Bibliography
