Английская Википедия:Bryggen

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Шаблон:Expand Norwegian Шаблон:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site

Bryggen (the dock), also known as Tyskebryggen (Шаблон:IPA-no, the German dock), is a series of Hanseatic heritage commercial buildings lining up the eastern side of the Vågen harbour in the city of Bergen, Norway. Bryggen has been on the UNESCO list for World Cultural Heritage sites since 1979.

The city of Bergen was founded around 1070 within the boundaries of Tyskebryggen. Around 1350 a Kontor of the Hanseatic League was established there, and Tyskebryggen became the centre of the Hanseatic commercial activities in Norway. Today, Bryggen houses museums, shops, restaurants and pubs.

History

Bergen was established before 1070 AD.[1] In the Middle Ages, the Bryggen area encompassed all buildings between the sea and the Stretet (Øvregaten) road, from Holmen in the north to Vågsbunnen in the south.[2] According to the Sagas, the city was founded within this area.[2]

One of the earliest pier constructions has been dated to around 1100,[2] and the existing buildings are of a much later date, with only Schøtstuene and some buildings towards Julehuset being originals from 1702.[3]

Around 1350, an office of the Hanseatic League was established in Bryggen.[1][4] As the town developed into an important trading centre, the wharfs were improved and the buildings of Bryggen were gradually taken over by the Hanseatic merchants. The warehouses were used to store goods, particularly stockfish from northern Norway, and cereal from Europe.

In 1702, the buildings belonging to the Hanseatic League were damaged by fire.[5] They were rebuilt, and some of these were later demolished, and some were destroyed by fire.[5] In 1754, the operations of the office at Bryggen ended, when all the properties were transferred to Norwegian citizens.[2]

Throughout history, Bergen has experienced many fires, since most of its houses were traditionally made from wood. This was also the case for Bryggen, and as of today around a quarter were built after 1702, when the older wharfside warehouses and administrative buildings burned down. The rest predominantly consists of younger structures, although there are some stone cellars that date back to the 15th century.

Parts of Bryggen were again destroyed in a fire in 1955. A thirteen-year archaeological excavation followed, revealing the day-to-day runic inscriptions known as the Bryggen inscriptions.[6] The Bryggen museum was built in 1976 on part of the site cleared by the fire. Шаблон:Wide image

Architectural heritage

Bryggen was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, by Criterion (iii): Шаблон:Blockquote

Notable houses at Bryggen include Bellgården (a 300-year-old building),[7] Svensgården, Enhjørningsgården, Bredsgården, Bugården,[8] Engelgården. The oldest and tallest building in the area is St Mary's Church. Streets include Jacobsfjorden.[9] Museums include Bryggens Museum and Hanseatic Museum and Schøtstuene.

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Hanseatic League Шаблон:World Heritage Sites in Norway Шаблон:Neighbourhoods of Bergen

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Bergen – historie
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Bryggen i Bergen
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Bryggen at whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Det tyske kontor [The German kontor]
  6. ↑ Aslak Liestol, 'The Runes of Bergen: Voices from the Middle Ages', Minnesota History, 40. 2 (1966), 49-58.
  7. ↑ Setter sammen 300 år gammelt puslespill
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Velkommen som kremmer - Det kommer ingen ridder i skinnende rustning for å redde Bryggen. Du må redde den selv. Шаблон:Webarchive [Welcome as a shopkeeper - No knight in shining armour will come to save Bryggen. You must save it yourself.]
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