Английская Википедия:Bucculatrix thoracella
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Speciesbox
Bucculatrix thoracella, the lime bent-wing,[1] is species of moth in the family Bucculatricidae, and was first described in 1794 by Carl Peter Thunberg as Tinea thoracella.[2] It is found throughout Europe with exception of Ireland and the Balkan Peninsula,[1] and in Japan, where it occurs on the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu.[3]
Appearance
Adult specimens of Bucculatrix thoracella are small, with a wingspan of 6–8 mm, and have a wing pattern of dark brown blotches on a yellow base, with a brown line extending to the wing's edge.[4] Larvae have a pale, greenish yellow body and a pale yellow head.[5] Pupae are a dark, cloudy brown,[6] and are covered by a strongly ribbed white, yellowish or greyish brown cocoon.[1]
Behaviour
In continental Europe, Bucculatrix thoracella occurs in two generations per year, whereas it is generally univoltine in most of Britain.[5] It overwinters as a pupa, either on the host plant's trunk or in leaf litter.[7] Adults are on wing in June and sometimes August in Britain,[4] while in continental Europe they are on wing from April to May and from July to August.[8] Eggs are left on the underside of leaves, often at a vein angle.[5]
Larvae
Larvae feed mainly on species of lime tree (Tilia spp.) and less commonly on maple species (Acer spp.),[9] but infrequent records of a variety of other host plants exist.[1] During the first larval stadium, they mine their host plant's leaves,[9] resulting in a small, hook-like mine.[9] The mine starts with a small blotch at the angle of leaf veins, then follows in a straight line along the vein, eventually turning away and forming a hook-like shape.[5] When the larva emerges from its mine, it moults in a smooth cocoonet.[9][1] Afterwards, it feeds externally from the leaf's underside, eating out windows in the leaf.[5][9]
Host plants
Per Plant Parasites of Europe, known host plants include multiple species of maple (Acer campestre, Acer platanoides and Acer pseudoplatanus); Aesculus hippocastanum; Alnus; Betula; Carpinus betulus; Castanea sativa; Fagus sylvatica; Sorbus; and several species of lime tree (Tilia cordata, Tilia × euchlora, Tilia × europaea, Tilia platyphyllos and Tilia tomentosa).[1] Kobayashi, Hirowatari & Kuroko (2010) additionally report Tilia japonica.[3] In parts of its range, it is found solely or nearly soШаблон:Efn on Tilia spp.[1] Within Great-Britain, a preference exists for Tilia cordata over Tilia × europaea where both are present.[5]
Gallery
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Mined leaf of lime
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Larva
Footnotes
References
External links
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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<ref>; для сносокKobayashiне указан текст - ↑ 4,0 4,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокUKmothsне указан текст - ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMBGBI 2не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокPatočka-2005не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокleafminesне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокbladmineerders-beне указан текст - ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокHering-2013не указан текст
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