Английская Википедия:Buchanania cochinchinensis

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Speciesbox

Buchanania cochinchinensis, commonly known as charoli nut, almondette, Cuddapah almond, calumpong, Hamilton mombin,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn is a deciduous tree of the cashew family. The charoli tree is native to the Indian subcontinent, South Central China, and much of Southeast Asia.[1]

The charoli tree produces fruit that is edible to humans.Шаблон:Sfn The seeds are used as a cooking spice, especially in India.Шаблон:Sfn Charoli seeds are also used in the Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha systems of medicine.Шаблон:Sfn

Description

The tree grows to about Шаблон:Convert. Young branches are covered with dense, matted, woolly hairs. The leaves are Шаблон:Convert, broadly oblong with emarginate (slightly indented at the tip) apices and rounded bases. The flowers are white and Шаблон:Convert in diameter. The drupes are Шаблон:Convert in diameter and subglobose (inflated, but not quite spherical) in shape. When ripe, they are stone hard and reddish-purple in color.Шаблон:Sfn Flowering occurs March–April, and the fruit is generally harvested in the months of April to June.Шаблон:Sfn

Taxonomy

Genus Buchanania is named for Francis Buchanan (1762–1829), a Scottish botanist, explorer, naturalist, and surgeon in the British East India Company.Шаблон:Sfn B. cochinchinensis is one of 25 currently accepted species in genus Buchanania.[2] The species was first described as Toluifera cochinchinensis in 1790Шаблон:Sfn by João de Loureiro, a Portuguese Jesuit missionary and botanist. Initially placed in genus Toluifera, the species was later included in multiple other genera, including Glycosmis, Lanzana, Loureira, Lundia, Mangifera, and Spondias. The species was most recently reclassified as Buchanania cochinchinensis in 1996.Шаблон:Sfn

Distribution and habitat

The charoli tree is native to Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (south-central and Hainan), India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Western Himalayas. It grows primarily in the wet tropical and tropical rainforest biomes.[1]Шаблон:Sfn

Uses

Food and cooking

Though sometimes referred to as the "chironji nut" or "charoli nut",Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn the fruit is actually a type of drupe rather than a true botanical nut.Шаблон:Sfn After the hard shell of the drupe is cracked, the stubby seed within is similar in texture to a pine nut.Шаблон:Sfn The charoli seed is around Шаблон:Convert in length, with a flavor resembling an almond or a pistachio.Шаблон:Sfn The seeds are used as a cooking spice, especially in Indian cuisine. Though they can be eaten raw, they are often toasted or roasted before use, as this intensifies the flavor of any nut or seed. They are commonly used in sweets in India, or ground into powders for thickening and flavoring savory sauces, batters and kormas.Шаблон:Sfn

Traditional medicine

Charoli seeds are used in the Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha systems of medicine. A decoction can be prepared from the bark of the stem or the leaves, to be used as a treatment for indigestion, mumps, impotence, spermatorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding, diarrhea, or snakebite. This can also be used as an expectorant, aphrodisiac, or a laxative. The leaves can be crushed and applied to burns and wounds.Шаблон:Sfn

Cultivation

The species is not commercially cultivated in India. The fruit is collected by local people from the forests and sold directly to the local markets. With a potential annual production of 5000 metric tonnes, Chhattisgarh is the highest-producing state in India for charoli fruit.Шаблон:Sfn Leafhoppers, mealybugs, and bark-eating caterpillars (Indarbela spp.) are important pests of B. cochinchinensis, while gummosis and powdery mildew represent important pathogens.Шаблон:Sfn

Significance in Buddhism

Файл:Rajayatana.jpg
Rajayatana trees (B. cochinchinensis) at the Mahabodhi Temple complex in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India

Circa 588 BCE,Шаблон:Sfn the 35-year-oldШаблон:Sfn Siddhartha Gautama stayed for seven weeks (7x7 days = 49 days = 1 sattasattāha) at Uruvela (modern Bodh Gaya), which is located in the present-day Indian state of Bihar. According to the Great Chronicle of Buddhas, he spent one week at each of seven successive locations there.Шаблон:Sfn During these seven weeks, he did not eat or drink, wash or excrete, or lie down.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The specific locations were:

The seventh week was passed while sitting under a rājāyatana (B. cochinchinensis) tree, where the Buddha enjoyed the bliss of his newly attained buddhahood.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Upon the completion of this sattasattāha, several important "firsts" in Buddhism took place at the rājāyatana tree at Bodh Gaya, including:

According to Burmese folklore, Tapussa and Bhallika (the two passing merchants who became the Buddha's first lay disciples) later returned to their home in Okkalapa (Lower Burma), where they built a cetiya on Singuttara Hill (the Shwedagon Pagoda), where they enshrined the hair relics given to them by the Buddha.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Gallery

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Herbs & spices Шаблон:Taxonbar

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок POWOcochinchinensis не указан текст
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite POWO
  3. ↑ Theragāthā Commentary 1.1-7: "Commentary on the stanza of Bhalliya Thera". Translation in Woodward, F.L., 1940, 1952, 1959, 'Theragāthā-aṭṭhakathā: the commentary of Dhammapālācariya', 3 volumes, Pali Text Society London
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Buchanania_cochinchinensis&oldid=13666139