Английская Википедия:Buda
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Buda (Шаблон:IPA-hu)[1] was the historic capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and, since 1873, has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube. Buda comprises a third of Budapest's total territory and is mostly wooded. Landmarks include Buda Castle, the Citadella, and the president of Hungary's residence, Sándor Palace.
Etymology
According to a legend recorded in chronicles from the Middle Ages, the name "Buda" comes from the name of Bleda (Шаблон:Lang-hu), brother of Hunnic ruler Attila.Шаблон:BlockquoteШаблон:Blockquote
Demographics
The Buda fortress and palace were built by King Béla IV of Hungary in 1247, and were the nucleus around which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained great importance, and became in 1361 the capital of Hungary.[3]
While Pest was mostly Hungarian in the 15th century, Buda had a German majority;[4] however according to the Hungarian Royal Treasury, it had a Hungarian majority with a sizeable German minority in 1495.[5] Buda became part of Ottoman-ruled central Hungary from 1541 to 1686. It was the capital of the province of Budin during the Ottoman era. By the middle of the seventeenth century Buda had become majority Muslim, largely resulting from an influx of Balkan Muslims.[6]
In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed European campaign was started to enter Buda, which was formerly the capital of medieval Hungary. This time, the Holy League's army was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including German, Dutch, Hungarian, English, Spanish, Czech, French, Croat, Burgundian, Danish and Swedish soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers, the Christian forces reconquered Buda (see Siege of Buda).
After the reconquest of Buda, bourgeoisie from different parts of southern Germany moved into the almost deserted city. Germans — also clinging to their language — partly crowded out, partly assimilated the Hungarians and Serbians they had found here.[4] As the rural population moved into Buda, in the 19th century Hungarians slowly became the majority there.
Notable residents
- Andrew III of Hungary, (ca.1265–1301) King of Hungary and Croatia, 1290 to 1301, buried in the Greyfriars' Church, a Franciscan church in Buda
- Jadwiga of Poland, (ca.1373–1399), born in Buda, first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland
- John Corvinus (1473–1504) illegitimate son of Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, and his mistress, Barbara Edelpöck.[7]
- Louis II of Hungary (1506–1526) King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia from 1516 to 1526.[8]
- Aaron ben Joseph of Buda (ca. 1686), poet
- Mihail G. Boiagi, (1780 – ca.1842) an Aromanian grammarian and professor
- László Szalay (1813–1864) a Hungarian statesman and historian.[9]
- József Eötvös (1813–1871) a Hungarian writer and statesman.[10]
- Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818–1865), a Hungarian physician and scientist. An early pioneer of antiseptic procedures, he proposed doctors start the practice of disinfecting their hands.[11]
- Kornelije Stanković, (1831–1865) notable Serbian composer, born and died in Buda
- Edmund Hauler (1859–1941), classicist and philologist
Twin cities
- Шаблон:Flagicon Capestrano, Italy
Gallery
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Országház utca (= Parliament Street)
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Old Parliament Inn
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Buda Main Plaza
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Arany Hordó Inn
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Tárnok utca (= Treasury Street)
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Шаблон:Coord Шаблон:Historical capitals of Hungary Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Lang-de, Шаблон:Lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl, Czech and Шаблон:Lang-sk, Шаблон:Lang-ota
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:EB1911
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Károly Kocsis (DSc, University of Miskolc) – Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, Budapest University) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; Шаблон:ISBN, CD Atlas
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite EB1911
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite EB1911
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