Английская Википедия:Bulan-Koba culture

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox archaeological culture The Bulan-Koba culture (2nd century BCE to 5th century CE) is an archaeological culture in the Altai mountains which replaced the Pazyryk culture.Шаблон:Sfn The time period of this culture occurs in the so-called Huno-Sarmatian period in Russian archaeology (2nd century BC to 5th century AD).Шаблон:Sfn The bearers of this culture lived during the time of Xiongnu Empire, Xianbei state and Rouran Khaganate. this culture was replaced by Turkic burial traditions in Altai Шаблон:Sfn

Archaeology

V.V. Radlov was the first to scientifically study the monuments of the Bulan-Koba culture in 1865 with excavations near the village Katanda and near the village Berel. absence of settlements in this culture points to a nomadic lifestyle.Шаблон:Sfn The burial tradition of Bulan-Koba culture consists of oval shaped mounds over stone cists and sacrificed horses were buried along with the deceased in most of the adult burials Шаблон:Sfn The Bulan-Koba bearers erected cenotaphs for warriors who died in distant battles.Шаблон:Sfn The Bulan-Koba culture was a part of Xiongnu, Xianbei and Rouran political unions and received material influence from all aforementioned cultural cores. The burial practices of the Bulan-Koba culture greatly influenced the following Turkic burial traditions of the first Turkic Khaganate.Шаблон:Sfn

Genetics and Anthropology

Analysis of skeletal remains suggests that the Bulan-Koba culture bearers were anthropologically mainly of Europoid stockШаблон:Sfn, similar to preceding Iron age Eastern Scythians and different from Mongoloid groups such as Slab Grave and Xiongnu. At the end of the period of this culture, the Bulan-Koba people engaged in heavy clashes with foreign peoples.Шаблон:Sfn

A genetic study published in Nature in 2015 examined the remains of three Bulan-Koba samplesШаблон:Sfn, the three Y-DNA samples extracted belonged to Q1a-M25/YP844 (samples RISE600 and RISE601Шаблон:Sfn from Verkh-Uimon site dated to 350-450 CE) and J2a-PH358 (sample RISE602Шаблон:Sfn from Sary-Bel site dated to 200 BCE to 100 CE) and three mtDNA belonged to K2a5, M8a1 and C4+152Шаблон:Sfn. the autosomal composition of the Bulan-Koba samples resemble preceding Iron age Eastern Scythians (50% RUS_Sintashta_MLBA, 40% RUS_Baikal_EBA, 10% BMAC) with few gene flow from Xiongnu and Slab Grave.

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite web