Английская Википедия:Burial of Fatima

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Shia Islam Шаблон:Main Burial of Fatima is about the secret burial and the uncertainty in the resting place of Fatima, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and wife of Ali, the fourth caliph after Muhammad and the first Shia Imam.Шаблон:Sfn Fatima died in 11 AH (632 CE), within six months of Muhammad's death,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn perhaps from her injuries during a raid on her house ordered by the first caliph, Abu Bakr.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Following her will, she was buried secretly at night.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her exact burial place in Medina remains uncertain, though two possible locations are the al-Baqi' cemetery and her home.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In Shia sources, Fatima's wish for a secret burial is viewed as a sign of the disassociation of Muhammad's daughter with the Muslim community who largely failed to support her against Abu Bakr.Шаблон:Sfn

Background

Шаблон:Main articles After Muhammad died in 11/632, Fatima and her husband Ali refused to acknowledge the authority of the first caliph, Abu Bakr. The couple and their supporters held that Ali was the rightful successor of Muhammad,Шаблон:Sfn referring to his announcement at Ghadir Khumm.Шаблон:Sfn Fatima died in Medina in the same year, within six months of Muhammad's death.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn She was 18 or 27 years old at that time according to Shia and Sunni sources, respectively.Шаблон:Sfn Shia Islam holds that Fatima's injuries during an attack on her house directly caused her miscarriage and death shortly after.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This attack, intended to subdue Ali,Шаблон:Sfn is said to have been instigated by Abu Bakr and led by his aide Umar.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The above claims are categorically rejected by Sunnis.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On the one hand, Shia historians list some early Sunni sources that corroborate these allegations,Шаблон:Sfn arguing that sensitive information has also been censored by Sunni scholars who were concerned with the righteous presentation of Muhammad's companions.Шаблон:Sfn On the other hand, it is unimaginable for Sunnis that Muhammad's companions would engage in violence against his family.Шаблон:Sfn In turn, Sunni Islam holds that Fatima died from grief after the death of Muhammad and that her child died in infancy of natural causes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Secret burial

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Arabic calligraphy which reads "Fatima al-Zahra"

Following her will, Ali buried Fatima secretly at nightШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and hid her burial plot.Шаблон:Sfn As reported by al-Tabari (Шаблон:Died in), her dying wish was that Abu Bakr should not attend the funeral,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and this request was fulfilled by Ali.Шаблон:Sfn Fatima's wish is believed to be at odds with the common practice of Muslims, who are encouraged to join funerals.Шаблон:Sfn In Shia sources, her wish for a secret burial is viewed as a sign of the disassociation of Muhammad's daughter with the Muslim community who largely failed to support her against Abu Bakr.Шаблон:Sfn Among contemporary authors, Madelung and Osman suggest that the secret burial was a clear message that Fatima died in a state of resentment against Abu Bakr.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In preparation for her death, Klemm writes that Fatima had requested a closed bier.Шаблон:Sfn

The prominent Twelver traditionist al-Tusi (Шаблон:Died in) reports an account of the burial attributed to their son Husayn.Шаблон:Sfn This account describes that Ali broke into tears as he completed the unmarked grave of his wife.Шаблон:Sfn He then turned to Muhammad's grave and said:

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Файл:Jannatul-Baqi before Demolition.jpg
The al-Baqi' cemetery is a probable site for Fatima's grave, depicted here before the demolition of its mausoleums.

Al-Mufid (Шаблон:Died in), another notable Twelver scholar, includes in his Ikhtisas a related tradition ascribed to Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam. This tradition describes that the next morning Abu Bakr and Umar berated Ali for the secret burial of Fatima. After learning that this was Fatima's wish, the account continues that Umar threatened to locate and exhume Fatima's body and then re-bury her after funeral prayer.Шаблон:Sfn According to this account, what prevented Umar from materializing his threat was Ali's warning, "By God, as long as I'm alive and [my sword] Zulfiqar is in my hands, you will not reach her, and you know best [not to do it]."Шаблон:Sfn For Khetia, the interpretation is that the loss of Fatima was so traumatizing for Ali that he threatened Umar with violence for the first time, despite his previous restraint.Шаблон:Sfn

Uncertain burial place

Fatima's exact burial place in Medina remains uncertain,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn with often contradictory reports.Шаблон:Sfn The two most probable locations for her grave are the al-Baqi' cemetery and her home, which was later annexed to the Prophet's Mosque.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The former location is reportedly supported by her son Hasan's wish to be buried next to his mother.Шаблон:Sfn On the other hand, the Sunni al-Samhoodi (Шаблон:Died in) concludes that Hasan is buried next to his grandmother Fatima bint Asad, rather than his mother Fatima.[1] This uncertainty in Shia sources again underscores Fatima's displeasure with the Muslim community.Шаблон:Sfn

See also

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References

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Sources

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Further reading

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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