Английская Википедия:Burmese royal titles

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Файл:The Glass Palace, Mandalay.jpg
Only the four main queens (Nanya Mibaya) were allowed to live at the Glass Palace in the Mandalay Palace, along with the King.

Burmese royal titles are the royal styles that were in use by the Burmese monarchy until the disintegration of the last Burmese monarchy, the Konbaung dynasty, in 1885. These titles were exclusively used by those of royal lineage (Шаблон:My; Шаблон:My; Шаблон:My), or more formally, Maha Zi Maha Thwei (Шаблон:My).

Titles and rank in the Konbaung dynasty

King

Шаблон:Contains special characters Kings in Burma assumed a distinctive regnal name and title, usually a combination of Pali and Sanskrit, upon ascending to the throne.

The King was known by a variety of titles, including the following:

King's consorts

In the early days of the Konbaung Dynasty, Kings had at most, three Senior Queens.Шаблон:Sfn Innovations of a fourth Senior Queen and four lesser queens dated to the last quarter of the 1700s.Шаблон:Sfn

Queens of first rank (Senior Queens) were called Nanya MibayaШаблон:Sfn (Шаблон:My, lit. 'Queens who Possess Palaces'). The expansion and ranking of Senior Queens was an innovation during the reign of King Singu Min (1776-1782).Шаблон:Sfn In order of precedence, they were as follows:

  1. Supreme Royal Chief Queen (Шаблон:My, Nanmadaw Mibaya Hkaunggyi)Шаблон:Sfn or Royal Queen of the Southern Palace (Шаблон:My, Taung Nandaw Mibaya)Шаблон:Sfn - As the Supreme Chief Queen, she alone had the right to a white umbrella and to sit with the King on the royal throne. She was also variously known as Taung Nyazan (Шаблон:My), Ashin Nanmadaw Hpaya (Шаблон:My).Шаблон:Sfn and Nanmadaw (Шаблон:My)Шаблон:Sfn
  2. Royal Queen of the Northern Palace (Шаблон:My, Myauk Nandaw Mibaya)Шаблон:Sfn
  3. Royal Queen of the Central Palace (Шаблон:My, Ale Nandaw Mibaya)Шаблон:Sfn
  4. Royal Queen of the Western Palace (Шаблон:My, Anauk Nandaw Mibaya)Шаблон:Sfn

There was a special position between Nanya Mibaya (first rank) and Ahsaungya Mibaya (second rank) named Nanzwe Mibaya (Шаблон:My), for the blue-blood sisters of the King, primed to become a Nanya Mibaya if any of them died. For example, when the first Anauk Nandaw Mibaya of King Mindon, Pintale Mibaya died, her sister Yinge Mibaya, one of the four Nanzwe Mibayas of King Mindon, was replaced as the second Anauk Nandaw Mibaya.[note 1] As they were the blue-blooded ones, they could not be given the position of ordinary queens. So they became Nanzwe Mibayas. This position was created only during the reign of a king who had many queens, such as Bodawpaya and Mindon Min.

Royal Queens of second rank were known as Ahsaungya Mibaya (Шаблон:My, lit. 'Queens who Possess Royal Apartments'). These ranks were created during the reign of King Tharrawaddy Min (1837-1846).Шаблон:Sfn In order of precedence, they were as follows:

  1. Royal Queen of the Southern Apartment (Шаблон:My, Taung Hsaungdaw Mibaya)Шаблон:Sfn
  2. Royal Queen of the Northern Apartment (Шаблон:My, Myauk Hsaungdaw Mibaya)Шаблон:Sfn

Royal Queens of third rank were known as Shweye Hsaungya Mibaya (Шаблон:My, lit. 'Royal Queens who Possess the Gilded Chambers'). These were innovations dating to the reign of King Bodawphaya.Шаблон:Sfn In order of precedence, they were as follows:

  1. Royal Queen of the Southern Gilded Chamber (Шаблон:My, Myan Aung Taung Shweye Hsaung Mibaya)
  2. Royal Queen of the Northern Gilded Chamber (Шаблон:My, Myan Aung Myauk Shweye Hsaung Mibaya)
  3. Royal Queen of the Central Gilded Chamber (Шаблон:My, Myan Aung Ale Shweye Hsaung Mibaya)
  4. Royal Queen of the Western Gilded Chamber (Шаблон:My, Myan Aung Anauk Shweye Hsaung Mibaya)

Royal Queens of fourth rank were considered minor consorts:

  1. Myosa Mibaya ('town-lord queen'; Шаблон:My)
  2. Ywaza Mibaya ('village-lord queen'; Шаблон:My)

Royal concubines were typically the daughters of officials and tributary princes.Шаблон:Sfn They received no rank and in order of precedence were as follows:

  1. Kolottaw (Шаблон:My, lit. "one who administers the royal body")Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
  2. Chedawtin (Шаблон:My, lit. "one on whom the royal feet are placed")Шаблон:Sfn
  3. Maungma (Шаблон:My)Шаблон:Sfn

Consorts were granted titles based on rank, divided into two grades (queens and for concubines).Шаблон:Sfn

The styles of queens contained the following words based on rank, as follows (in order of precedence):

  1. Devī (Шаблон:My, Pali 'goddess')
  2. Mahe (Шаблон:My, Pali 'queen') or Hesī (Шаблон:My, Pali 'queen')
  3. Sīri (Шаблон:My, Pali 'splendour')
  4. Su (Шаблон:My, Pali 'well')
  5. Min (Шаблон:My, Burmese 'lord')

The styles of royal concubines contained the following words based on rank, as follows (in order of precedence):

  1. Devī (Шаблон:My, Pali 'goddess')
  2. Vatī (Шаблон:My, Pali 'dutiful')
  3. Rujā (Шаблон:My)
  4. Pabhā (Шаблон:My, Pali 'radiance')
  5. Kesā (Шаблон:My, Pali 'hair')
  6. Candā (Шаблон:My, Pali 'moon')
  7. Mālā (Шаблон:My, Pali 'garland')
  8. Muttā (Шаблон:My, Pali 'pearl')

Princes

Royal princes included the sons and brothers of the King (Minnyi Mintha) who were ranked, as follows (in order of precedence):

  1. Crown Prince (Шаблон:My, Einshay Mintha) - the Heir Apparent, who was appointed by the King and second only to the King in precedence. He was also known as the Uparaja (Шаблон:My).
  2. Great Princes (Шаблон:My, Minthagyi) - First-grade princes (the King's brothers and the sons of Senior Queens). There were 18 Great Princes at any given time, divided into 9 of the left and 9 of the right.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Sfn
    1. Shwe Kodawgyi Awratha (Шаблон:My): The eldest son of the King, by his chief Queen
    2. Shwe Kodawgyi Razaputra (Шаблон:My): The younger sons of the King, by his chief Queen
    3. Shwe Kodawgyi (Шаблон:My): The sons of the King, by his senior Queens
  3. Middle Princes (Шаблон:My, Minthalat) - Second grade princes born of lesser queens. There were 18 Middle Princes at any given time, divided into 9 of the left and 9 of the right.Шаблон:Sfn
    1. Kodawgyi (Шаблон:My): The sons of the King, by his junior wives
  4. Princes (Шаблон:My, Mintha) - Minor princes born of concubinesШаблон:Sfn

Non-royal princes were individuals of non-royal lineage who were promoted to the rank of prince, and were divided into there ranks, each of which consisted of 18 princes at any given time, divided into 9 of the left and 9 of the right.:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn They were ranked, as follows (in order of precedence):

  1. Great Princes (Шаблон:My, Minthagyi)Шаблон:Sfn – The first grade of non-royal princes
  2. Middle Princes (Шаблон:My, Minthalat)Шаблон:Sfn – The second grade of non-royal princes
  3. Cavalry Captain Princes (Шаблон:My, Myinhmu Mintha)Шаблон:Sfn – The third grade of non-royal princes

Princely titles were granted based on the prince's rank (of which there were 12 total), which divided into three grades, as follows (in order of precedence):Шаблон:Sfn

  1. Dhammaraja (Шаблон:My) – usually suffixed to the prince's title.Шаблон:Sfn
    • First rank – granted a title of 10 syllables
    • Second rank – granted a title of 9 syllables
    • Third rank – granted a title of 8 syllables
    • Fourth rank – granted a title of 6 syllables
  2. Thado (Шаблон:My) – usually prefixed to the prince's title.Шаблон:Sfn
    • Fifth rank – granted a title of 8 syllables
    • Sixth rank – granted a title of 6 syllables
    • Seventh rank – granted a title of 5 syllables
    • Eighth rank – granted a title of 3 syllables
  3. Minye (Шаблон:My) – usually prefixed to the prince's title.Шаблон:Sfn
    • Ninth rank – granted a title of 7 syllables
    • Tenth rank – granted a title of 6 syllables
    • Eleventh rank – granted a title of 4 syllables
    • Twelfth rank – granted a title of 3 syllables

Princesses

The ranks of the King's daughters were determined by the rank of their mothers. These ranks in order of precedence were as follows:

  1. Hteik Suhpaya (Шаблон:My) – The daughters of the King by his queensШаблон:Sfn
  2. Hteik Hkaungtin (Шаблон:My) – The unmarried daughters of the King, by his minor consortsШаблон:Sfn
  3. Hteik Hta Mibaya (Шаблон:My) – The married daughters of the King, by his junior wivesШаблон:Sfn

The Crown Princess in line to become chief queen, specially designated to wed the Crown Prince was known as the Tabindaing Minthami (Шаблон:My) or as the Einshe Hteik Hta Mibaya (Шаблон:My).Шаблон:Sfn

Ranking officials

High-ranking court officials (Шаблон:My, amat) were also ranked into 9 ranks, representing their place at the Great Audience Hall during obeisance ceremonies (gadaw), as follows (in order of precedence):Шаблон:Sfn

  1. Sitthugyi (Шаблон:My) – commander-in-chief
  2. Neyalutne (Шаблон:My, lit. 'those without place') - dignitaries above rank, including the tributary princes (saophas and myosas)
  3. Sawbwagyi Naukne (Шаблон:My, lit. 'those behind the saophas)
  4. Tawchun (Шаблон:My)
  5. Taw (Шаблон:My)
  6. Du (Шаблон:My)
  7. Sani (Шаблон:My)
  8. Atwin Bawaw (Шаблон:My)
  9. Apyin Bawaw (Шаблон:My)

Said officials also received 11 types of titles commensurate with their rank, as follows (in order of precedence):Шаблон:Sfn[1]

  1. Thado (Шаблон:My), from Sanskrit satviva shaktidhara (Шаблон:My)Шаблон:Sfn
  2. Mingyi (Шаблон:My)
  3. Mahā (Шаблон:My, Pali 'great')
  4. Min Thon Hsin Bwe (Шаблон:My) - title containing three Min (Шаблон:My)
  5. Min Hna Hsin Bwe (Шаблон:My) - title containing two Min (Шаблон:My)
  6. Min Ta Hsin Bwe (Шаблон:My) - title containing one Min (Шаблон:My)
  7. Nemyo Min (Шаблон:My)
  8. Nemyo (Шаблон:My, Burmese 'solar race')
  9. Nawrahta (Шаблон:My)
  10. Shwedaung (Шаблон:My)
  11. Ordinary titles

The wives of some high-ranking officials also received rank, as follows (in order of precedence): Шаблон:Sfn

  1. Amaydawkhan Gadawgyi (Шаблон:My)
  2. Gadaw (Шаблон:My)
  3. Shethwe (Шаблон:My)
  4. Naukthwe (Шаблон:My)
  5. Pwetet Neya (Шаблон:My)
  6. Letsaungdaw Thein Thami Kanya (Шаблон:My)

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:List of titles and honours of the Countries Crown

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  1. ↑ Pagan Wundauk U Tin, who served the royal court, provides an alternate list of titles by rank, for the first six: 1. Thudhamma Шаблон:My; 2. Thetdawshay Шаблон:My; 3. Thado Шаблон:My; Mingyi Шаблон:My; 5. Maha Шаблон:My; 6. Min Шаблон:My.
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