Английская Википедия:Buscheto
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox architect Buscheto or Busketus (sometimes also Buschetto or Boschetto, early Latin writers also used Bruschettus,Шаблон:Sfn active in Pisa between 1063 and 1110[1]) was an Italian architect. He designed the plans for Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza dei Miracoli) and thus created the distinct Pisan Romanesque design style used throughout the square.Шаблон:Sfn Buscheto had unitary vision fusing together architectural ideas of classical Rome, Byzantine, Arab, and Lombard Romanesque architectures, placing him amongst the best architects of the 11th and 12th centuries.Шаблон:Sfn
Very little is known about Buscheto;Шаблон:Sfn claims that he was a Greek from Dulichium are based on a misreading of the epitaph. Leopoldo Cicognara had assumed Buscheto's Italian origin based on his name, yet Leader Scott points out that this can be a nickname.Шаблон:Sfn Approaches utilized by the architect cannot be explained by local traditionsШаблон:Sfn (Pisa likely did not even have its own school of architecture before BuschetoШаблон:Sfn). Buscheto's style suggests first-hand familiarity with Early Christian, Byzantine, and Islamic architecture.Шаблон:Sfn
Just two contemporary documents definitely identify Buscheto, as they identify him as one od the administrators (Operai) of the Pisa cathedral;Шаблон:Sfn one is dated December 2nd, 1104, another - April 2nd, 1110. Researchers think that he designed the cathedral and started its construction in 1063 while still being a young man, and continued work on the project into the 1100s.Шаблон:Sfn
Epitaphs
An original epitaph on the cathedral reads, "Non habet exemplum niveo de marmore templum. / Quod fit Busketi prorsus ab ingenio" ("there is nothing like a white marble temple / built solely by Buscheto's genius"). During the expansion of the cathedral by architect Rainaldo the tomb was transferred to the new facade (first blind arch on the left, the original epitaph is above the strigilated sarcophagus with remainsШаблон:Sfn) and a new inscription added below, "Quod vix mille boum possent iuga iuncta movere / Et quod vix potuit per mare ferre ratis / Busketi nisu quod erat mirabile visu / Dena puellarum turba levabat onus" ("a thousand oxen could barely move it / and a ship hardly could carry it across the sea / wonderful to see with Buscheto's skill / a group of girls lifting the weight").Шаблон:Sfn The newer epitaph shows admiration of Buscheto'e engineering skills and refers to the size and weight of monolithic columns of the cathedral. Epitaph goes on favorably comparing Buscheto to Daedalus, a great architect, and Ulysses, a symbol of ingenuity.Шаблон:Sfn
A similar epigraph in Rome, now lost, was celebrating some "Buzeta" in very similar words: "Ingenio Buzeta tuo bis quinque puellae / appositis manibus hanc erexere columnam" ("Buzeta's wit, twice the five maidens / erect this pillar by hands"), this suggests identification of Buzeta as Buscheto and might explain his exposure to the Roman architecture.Шаблон:Sfn
Reference to "white marble", the material mostly used during the expansion of the cathedral, suggests that at least some of the work on this expansion was executed by Buscheto himself prior to the completion of the Duomo by Rainaldo. Шаблон:Sfn
Other identifications
A name of Buscheto also appears in the documents of the cathedral of Pistoia. It is not clear that the two records, dated 1076 and 1078 are referring to the same architect. Other attempts at identification are even more tentative and are based on documents presumed to exist, but no longer traceable.Шаблон:Sfn
Newly rediscovered documents of Archivio Capitolare di Pisa, written between 1104 and 1110, contain references to some Buschettus. Two of the documents, dated 13 February and 23 July 1104,Шаблон:Sfn describe him as filius quondam Iohannis (son of Johannes). While at the time a certain Judge Johannes belonged to the Pisan elite, the documents do not mention any details about Buschettus's father.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Sources
External links
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- People from Pisa
- 11th-century births
- 12th-century deaths
- 11th-century Italian architects
- 12th-century Italian architects
- Romanesque architects
- Pisan Romanesque style
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- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
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