Английская Википедия:C. E. M. Hansel

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Charles Edward Mark Hansel (12 October 1917 – 28 March 2011) was a British psychologist most notable for his criticism of parapsychological studies.Шаблон:R

Early life and education

Hansel was born in 1917 in Bedford, England and attended Bedford School as a child. He received a commission in the RAF Equipment branch as an acting pilot officer in April 1939, serving in England, Iraq, and Egypt. After his service, he attended Bournemouth Municipal College of Technology and Commerce, earning a BA, and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge University, where he studied Moral Sciences, Part II Psychology and earned his MA.Шаблон:R

Parapsychology career

Following his graduation in 1949, Hansel joined the faculty at the University of Manchester as a lecturer in Psychology.Шаблон:R He later moved to Swansea University where he became a Professor of Experimental Psychology and Head of the Department of Psychology.Шаблон:R Hansel was a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.Шаблон:R

Hansel's most well-known work is his book ESP: A Scientific Evaluation (1966), revised (1980, 1989). In it, he examined the areas of telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis and analysed a number of major ESP experiments that claimed to have conclusively demonstrated the phenomenon. Hansel found that all of the research he examined suffered from poor experimental design which allowed for error, misinterpretation and fraud.Шаблон:R He suspected that the data from the Soal-Goldney experiments, run by Samuel Soal, was fraudulent but parapsychologists refused to accept Hansel's charge. However, Hansel was later proven to be correct.Шаблон:R Hansel noted that there was a history of "trickery" in psychical researchШаблон:R and reached the conclusion that although trickery was not necessarily the cause of the results, as long as it could not be ruled out ESP could not be claimed to have been conclusively demonstrated.Шаблон:R In his revised edition, Hansel (1980) points out that "after 100 years of research, not a single individual has been found who can demonstrate ESP to the satisfaction of independent investigators. For this reason alone it is unlikely that ESP exists".Шаблон:R

Family

Hansel married in 1954 and had five children.Шаблон:R

Reception

Hansel's book received positive reviews from scientists and sceptics.Шаблон:R The physicist Victor J. Stenger noted that "Hansel succeeded brilliantly in exposing the shoddiness of the experimental procedures of Rhine's laboratory."[1] Robert Sheaffer stated that Hansel's criticisms were devastating to the claims of ESP and the book was a serious challenge to parapsychology.Шаблон:R Philosopher Antony Flew also gave a positive review, highlighting the failure of parapsychology to provide repeatable experiments.Шаблон:R

The work also received criticism with parapsychologist John Beloff claiming the book was little more than an attempt to explain away the evidence.Шаблон:R Parapsychologist Gardner Murphy gave it a mixed-review but recommended the book "as valuable for the parapsychologist in pointing out ways in which he must tighten his research."Шаблон:R Hansel's revised edition in 1989 contained further studies and an appendix with replies to his critics.Шаблон:R

The psychologist David Marks in his book The Psychology of the Psychic (2000) noted that his discovery of experimental error in parapsychological experiments confirmed the research of Hansel.Шаблон:R

Publications

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Parapsychology Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Stenger не указан текст
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