Английская Википедия:CAF Urbos

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates The CAF Urbos is a family of trams, streetcars, and light rail vehicles built by CAF. The Spanish manufacturer CAF previously made locomotives, passenger cars, regional, and underground trains. In 1993, CAF started building trams for Metrovalencia, with the delivery of 16 trams until 1999. This was a variant of a Siemens design and some components were delivered by Siemens, including bogies and traction motors. This design was also sold to Lisbon Trams in 1995; CAF then decided to design and build the Urbos in-house.

There are three generations of the CAF Urbos, namely the Urbos 1, Urbos 2, and Urbos 3. The first generation was ordered by the Bilbao tram operator, who received eight trams between 2002 and 2004. The second generation was sold to other operators in Spain, and the third generation is sold in Spain, elsewhere in Europe, the United States, Australia and in the UK. Manufacturing locations include Beasain, Zaragoza and Linares, Spain; Elmira, New York, USA; Hortolandia, Brazil; Newport, UK; Huehuetoca, Mexico; and Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France.

CAF Urbos 1

Файл:Bilbao 05 2012 EuskoTran 2846.JPG

Urbos 1 tram in Bilbao

This series was only sold to Euskotren Tranbia to operate tram services in Bilbao. The original Bilbao tram system was shut down in 1964 and the second generation opened in December 2002 with extensions in 2004.

• Bilbao tram: 8 bidirectional trams, numbered 401–408 and locally designated the Euskotren 400 series. 70% low-floor trams with 3 bogies on Шаблон:Track gauge.

CAF Urbos 2

Файл:Sevilla metro Condequinto II.JPG

Urbos 2 operating on Seville Metro line 1

In operation

Location	System	Entered service	Gauge	Car body construction	Quantity	NotesШаблон:Citation needed
Bilbao and Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain	Bilbao tram and Vitoria-Gasteiz tram	2008	Metre	Aluminium	11	3 units operate in Bilbao, while 8 operate in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Locally designated the Euskotren 500 series.
Seville, Spain	Seville Metro - Line 1	2009	Standard	Steel	21	5 units transferred from MetroCentro 3 units transferred from Sydney
Antalya, Turkey	AntRay			Aluminium	14	Standard gauge variation of the Bilbao/Vitoria-Gasteiz version

Withdrawn

Location	System	In service	Quantity	NotesШаблон:Citation needed
Vélez-Málaga, Spain	Vélez-Málaga Tram	2006–2012	3	Transferred to Sydney
Seville, Spain	MetroCentro	2007–2011	5	4 units transferred to Metro line 1 1 unit transferred to Sydney
Sydney, Australia	L1 Dulwich Hill line	Mar–Jul 2014	4	Transferred to Seville Metro line 1

CAF Urbos 3

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Urbos 100, designated SL18, in Oslo

The CAF Urbos 3 is the successor of the Urbos 2; all new sales are of Urbos 3. The standard variants, the Urbos 100 and Urbos 70, have either a 100% or 70% low floor design, respectively, and a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert. The tram type is offered in metre gauge and standard gauge and allows for a tram width of Шаблон:Convert. Trams can be assembled from 3, 5, 7 or (only for the Urbos 100) 9 modules, with the length ranging between Шаблон:Convert.

CAF has developed an option to build 'Greentech Freedrive' lithium-ion supercapacitors and batteries into the Urbos 3, allowing brief operation without an external electrical supply. This ACR system (Acumulador de Carga Rápida) allowed the tramway operator in Seville to remove the overhead wires in key locations during Holy Week 2011. It has also been used in Luxembourg, Granada, Zaragoza and the West Midlands.

Urbos 70 and Urbos 100

Файл:1-es villamos (2105).jpg

9-module Urbos 3 in Budapest

City, country, (system)	Quantity	Order value	Notes
Europe/America
Antwerp, Belgium	58
Coast Tram, Belgium	48		Delivered 2020–2021 Name: Zeelijner
Ghent, Belgium	18
Liège, Belgium		€360 million
Besançon, France	19	€34.4 million
Nantes, France	8	€22 million	Option for 4 more trams for €10 million
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany	17		plus 8 more ordered
Budapest, Hungary	73+20	€90 million	Option for 31 more trams
Debrecen, Hungary	18
Luxembourg, Luxembourg	21	€83.0 million	In service since 2017
Amsterdam, Netherlands	72		Initial order was 63 in 2016. In operation from January 2021.
Utrecht, Netherlands Utrecht sneltram	27		To be operational in 2018
	22		To be operational in 2020
Oslo, Norway	87	Шаблон:Currency	Locally designated as SL18. First two were delivered in 2020. In operation from January 2022, with trial period of 5 months. Option for 60 more.
Lisbon, Portugal	15	€43 million	Delivery began in April 2023 and will be complete during 2024.
Belgrade, Serbia	30	€70 million
Granada, Spain	13	€43.9 million	Option for 4 more trams
Málaga, Spain	14
Seville, Spain	5		MetroCentro line, 1 reserved
Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain	7		Locally designated the Euskotren 600 series.
Zaragoza, Spain	21
Lund, Sweden	7	297 million SEK	In service since December 2020
West Midlands, England, United Kingdom	21	£40 million
Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom	27
Cuiabá, Brazil	40
Salvador, Brazil
Kansas City, Missouri, United States	6
Calgary, Alberta, Canada	28		For use on the Green Line. To be delivered in 2027.
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States	5	$25 million
Seattle, Washington, United States	10	$50 million
Asia
Kaohsiung, Taiwan	9		ACR system built in; no need for catenary
Jerusalem, Israel	114		For Green Line. To be operational in 2024
Oceania
Canberra, ACT, Australia	14	A$65 million	5-module 100. Delivered 2018, operational April 2019
Newcastle, NSW, Australia	6		5-module 100 supercapacitor wire free. Delivered 2018–19
Sydney, NSW, Australia	16	A$20 million (1st order)	5-module 100. Initial order for 6 trams; subsequently increased to 12. Four more trams for the line were ordered from CAF in June 2021, they will enter service in 2023. Operates on the Inner West Light Rail. As of November 2021, these LRVs are temporarily out of service due to cracks discovered in all 12 of them.
	13		7-module 100 battery wire free. Will operate on stage 1 of the Parramatta Light Rail, set to open in May 2024.
Africa
Mauritius	18	€100 million	In service since December 2019

Design flaws

In December 2017, the Besançon Tramway in Besançon, France, discovered cracks in their Urbos 3s vehicles around the bogie box area of the bodies, which in December 2020 CAF paid for remedial work to be performed with each unit affected requiring one month downtime for the work to be completed.

On 11 June 2021, the West Midlands Metro (operating between Birmingham and Wolverhampton, England) were forced to suspend their services due to similar cracks being discovered in the bogie box areas of their Urbos 3s vehicles, with ongoing investigations continuing to identify any other issues relating to the cracks and to find options for remedial works to be performed.

Following on from these instances, in November 2021 the New South Wales transport minister Rob Stokes announced that the Sydney L1 Dulwich Hill Line would be decommissioned for up to 18 months, due to serious design flaws in all 12 of the CAF Urbos 3s tram sets that were running on the line. Stokes stated that the flaws (in the bogie boxes) were likely to be far broader in scope than those identified in Sydney due to the thousands of the same tram type operated around the world.

Similar issues relating to cracks in the bogie box area were discovered in the Urbos 3 vehicles supplied to the Belgrade Tramway Network.

The discovery of further cracks in the West Midlands trams led to service being suspended again from 12 November 2021 to December 2021.

Following vehicle inspections, services in the West Midlands were again suspended on 20 March 2022 until further notice due to cracks described by the operator as 'bodywork cracks'. Midland Metro was working directly with the manufacturer to assess the safety and operational impact.

Urbos AXL

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Urbos AXL in Stockholm

Vehicles in the Urbos AXL series have longer car-body sections and pivoting bogies. With a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert, it is designed for high-capacity, mass rapid transit systems. This type of tram is currently in use only in two Northern European countries:

• Tallinn, Estonia, (20 trams)
• Stockholm, Sweden (22)

Файл:Tram Tallinn, CAF Urbos AXL n°510 (2019).jpg

Urbos AXL in Tallinn

Urbos TT

Шаблон:Expand section The Urbos TT series is built with tram-train technology, connecting existing heavy rail infrastructure directly to urban tramway systems.

• Cádiz, Spain (7 vehicles)

Urbos LRV

Файл:Houston CAF LRV on Harrisburg Blvd at Wayside Drive, Feb 2017.jpg

Urbos LRV in Houston

A three-section articulated car supported by three bogies, the LRV variant of Urbos is designed for the North American market and is customizable.

• Houston, Texas, USA (39 vehicles)

LRTA 13000 class (Metro edition)

Файл:LRTA 13000 class LRV approaching Central Terminal.jpg

13000 class in Manila

The LRTA 13000 class is a high-floor light rail vehicle variant of the Urbos. 120 units were ordered for the LRT Line 1 medium-capacity rail system in Metro Manila, Philippines. It was designed by CAF along with Mitsubishi Corporation and built at CAF's facility in Huehuetoca, Mexico. The first two trainsets of 8 cars arrived in January 2021. These are expected to enter service by 2022 with all 120 units' delivery complete by the end of 2022.Шаблон:Needs update Once all the trainsets have entered service, they will eventually replace the aging LRTA 1000 class LRVs which are nearing 40 years old.

External links

• CAF website