Английская Википедия:Cabul
Шаблон:For Шаблон:Infobox settlement
Cabul (Шаблон:Lang-he), classical spelling: Chabolo; Chabulon, is a location in the Lower Galilee mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, now the Kabul local council in Israel, 9 or Шаблон:Convert east of Acco.
History
Bronze and Iron ages
Cabul is first mentioned as one of the landmarks on the boundary of Asher, in Шаблон:Bibleverse. Josephus refers to it as "the village of Chabolo situated in the confines of Ptolemais",[1] and was the western border of Lower Galilee before joining the Phoenician coast.[2] It was assigned to the Tribe of Asher.[3] The name "Kabul" may have been derived from the Aramaic word mekubbal, which means "clad", as in the inhabitants were "clad" in gold and silver.[4]
King Solomon handed over a district in the north-west of Galilee near Tyre, containing twenty cities, to Hiram I, the king of Tyre, in repayment for his help in building Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem.[5] Hiram was not pleased with the gift, however, and called them "the land of Cabul", the name signifying "good for nothing". The writer of 1 Kings 9 says they were called by this name "to this day".[5] Josephus interprets "Cabul" as meaning "what does not please" (in Phoenician)[6] but doubt has been cast on this interpretation of the term.Шаблон:Citation needed The Pulpit Commentary suggests they were unacceptable because "really they were mere villages".[7]
Archaeological excavations at Khirbet Rosh Zayit, located 2km northeast of modern Kabul, Israel, have revealed an Israelite settlement from the 12th century BCE, and built upon it a Phoenician fortification from the 10th century BCE. The excavator suggests that this is evidence of Solomon's transfer of the area to Tyrian control.[8]
Classical era
Josephus describes Cabul as being "the place that divides the country of Ptolemais from our nation" (War II 18:503).[9] The architecture of Cabul, unlike other cities of the Galilee, was similar to that of Tyre, Sidon, and Beirut. In the First Jewish-Roman War, Cabul was attacked by Cestius Gallus in 66 CE.[10] Upon the approach of the Roman army, the inhabitants of Cabul (Шаблон:Lang-gr, translated in some English texts as Zabulon)[11] had fled the city, while the soldiery were given leave to plunder and burn the city.[12] For a time it served as Josephus' headquarters in Galilee in 67 CE.[13]
Judah and Hillel, sons of R. Gamaliel III, were received as guests in Cabul with great honor and paid a visit to a local bath.[14] It was the home of a Rabbi Zakkai,[15] and was famous for its abundance of wine and oil; it also had a synagogue and public baths. After the fall of Jerusalem, priests of the Shecaniah (Shekhanyah) family settled there.
Middle Ages
In the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, it was the seat of a seigniory known as Cabor.[10]
Aftermath
In 2010, an archaeological survey of Cabul was conducted by Omar Zidan on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA).[16]
References
Шаблон:JewishEncyclopedia Шаблон:Crusader sites Шаблон:Towns depopulated during the First Jewish–Roman War
- ↑ Vita, § 43
- ↑ Josephus, The Jewish War 3.3.1.
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse
- ↑ Vilnay, Zev. (2003). Legends of Palestine. Kessinger Publishing, p.406.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Bibleverse
- ↑ Antiquities, viii. 5, § 3
- ↑ Pulpit Commentary on 1 King 9, accessed 8 October 2017
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Jewish Virtual Library, Cabul, accessed 8 October 2017
- ↑ As in The Jewish War 2.18.9 and 3.3.1. In both cases, the Greek word used for the city is Cabul or Chabulon (Gr. Χαβουλών). See: Шаблон:Cite book, s.v. War 2.18.9 (2.503) and War 3.3.1 (3.38) (Loeb Classical Library), where Thackeray preserves the correct transliteration. In Whiston's edition of Josephus there is a gross error in his transliteration in both places, where he writes Zabulon instead of Chabulon. Cf. Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Josephus, The Jewish War (2.18.9)
- ↑ Life, 213, 227, 234
- ↑ Tosefta, Shabbat 7:17; Tosefta, Moed Katan 2:15
- ↑ Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 4, 78b, etc.; Rabbi Zakkai has no relation to and lived later than Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai.
- ↑ Israel Antiquities Authority, Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2010, Survey Permit # A-5956
