Английская Википедия:Caesar's Camp, Rushmoor and Waverley
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Caesar's Camp is an Iron Age hill fort straddling the border of the counties of Surrey and Hampshire in southern England. The fort straddles the borough of Waverley in Surrey and the borough of Rushmoor and the district of Hart, both in Hampshire.Шаблон:Sfn Caesar's Camp is a Scheduled Ancient Monument with a list entry identification number of 1007895.Шаблон:Sfn It lies approximately Шаблон:Convert north of the town of Farnham, and a similar distance west of Aldershot.Шаблон:Sfn The hillfort lies entirely within the Bourley and Long Valley Site of Special Scientific Interest.Шаблон:Sfn Caesar's Camp is a multivallate hillfort, a fort with multiple defensive rings, occupying an irregular promontory, with an entrance on the south side.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The site has been much disturbed by military activity, especially at the southeast corner.Шаблон:Sfn The remains of the hillfort are considered to be of national importance.Шаблон:Sfn
History
It is possible that Caesar's Camp developed in the Late Bronze Age, as a fort associated with the River Wey.Шаблон:Sfn There were three Iron Age phases of the fort. In its earliest form, Caesar's Camp was a univallate fort.Шаблон:Sfn In its second phase of development, the defences were multivallate with a timber palisade. Later, a bank was built over the line of the palisade, replacing it.Шаблон:Sfnm After the third phase, the site was apparently abandoned until the medieval period, when a park pale was built, making use of the final phase of the Iron Age defences.Шаблон:Sfnm Caesar's Camp belonged to the Farnham estate of the Bishop of Winchester in the 11th century; by the 13th century it formed part of a park associated with Farnham Castle.Шаблон:Sfn
Site description
Caesar's Camp stands Шаблон:Convert above mean sea level, and the Bagshot Beds of sand surface on the northern slopes of the hill. The area around the hillfort features extensive areas of open heathland.Шаблон:Sfn The defences on the east side have been damaged by a modern quarry. The interior of the fort is largely undisturbed, and the rarity of large multivallate Iron Age forts has resulted in Caesar's Camp being regarded as of national importance by Historic England.Шаблон:Sfn
The fort is large and encloses an area of Шаблон:Convert. The earthwork ramparts and ditches largely follow the contours of the hill. The ramparts cut across the neck of the plateau on the south side; on the north and northeast sides there are no earthwork defences since the steep scarps render them unnecessary.Шаблон:Sfn On the southwest side, marshland was incorporated into the defences, and gaps in the rampart occur in that area.Шаблон:Sfn On the east side the defences consisted of a double rampart. The inner rampart is Шаблон:Convert wide and Шаблон:Convert high; the ditch between the ramparts is Шаблон:Convert deep and Шаблон:Convert wide. The outer rampart is Шаблон:Convert wide and stands Шаблон:Convert high. Outside the second rampart is another ditch, this measuring Шаблон:Convert deep. On the southeast side, the defences consisted of a triple rampart and a counter-scarp bank that continued to the south side. The fort's defences were strongest on the south, where they cut across level ground.Шаблон:Sfn
The main entrance to the fort is believed to have been halfway along the east side; however, direct evidence is lacking due to the damage caused to the supposed entrance by modern quarrying. A trackway cuts through the strong defences on the south side, but this may be modern.Шаблон:Sfn
The medieval park pale is evident as a bank and accompanying ditch running along the western edge of Caesar's Camp. The bank is Шаблон:Convert wide and stands Шаблон:Convert high. The ditch runs on the inside of the bank and measures Шаблон:Convert wide and is Шаблон:Convert deep.Шаблон:Sfn Some Шаблон:Convert outside the rampart on the southwest side are the remains of what has been interpreted as a defensive outlier, or an earlier version of the defences, consisting of a low Шаблон:Convert wide rampart. However, this feature may instead be the misinterpreted remains of the medieval park pale, the spoil of which was thrown over the Iron Age defences.Шаблон:Sfn
The fort's height and proximity to Farnborough airport make it a popular spot to view Farnborough Airshow for free.[1] On a clear day, major London landmarks can be seen from its top including the Shard, Canary Wharf and the Wembley Arch.
Finds
A Шаблон:Convert trench was excavated by N. Riall in 1983.Шаблон:Sfn
Miscellaneous finds at Caesar's Camp include a Roman roof tile, which is now held in Camberley Museum,Шаблон:Sfn and an early rapier dating to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1500–1000 BC).Шаблон:Sfn The sword has been assigned to the Thetford Class of Trump's Group II,Шаблон:Sfn characterised by a trapezoid butt with two notches, and dated to 1200–1000 BC.Шаблон:Sfnm The weapon is forged from a copper alloy and has a fluted blade with three central ribs. It has a total length of Шаблон:Convert; the blade is Шаблон:Convert wide and Шаблон:Convert thick. The hilt plate is Шаблон:Convert wide. Шаблон:Sfn This sword is now held in the British Museum.Шаблон:Sfn
References
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:NHLE
- Шаблон:PastScape
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite map
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
Further reading
Шаблон:Iron Age hillforts in England
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Scheduled monuments in Hampshire
- Scheduled monuments in Surrey
- Iron Age sites in England
- Hill forts in Surrey
- Hill forts in Hampshire
- Borough of Waverley
- Rushmoor
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
